tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36030154168977778862023-11-15T10:15:41.258-08:00Introduction of abortion essayJanehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15942283599186778681noreply@blogger.comBlogger228125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3603015416897777886.post-64484543144783981182020-08-26T19:50:00.001-07:002020-08-26T19:50:06.075-07:00Secondary data exercise Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 wordsOptional information work out - Case Study Example In late corporate history, if there is one organization which had exhibited excellent administration and outstanding versatility, to pull back itself from a fast approaching breakdown, it could be in all honesty Marks and Spencer, the Retail Stores legend of the UK. The principle board on which it marked its whole expectation was its convincing and persuading ad methodology. At the point when the decrease was affirmed and couldn't be overlooked any more, the organization under the direction of Sir Stuart Rose as its new director chose to take the bull by the horn. How it supported up its flank and stressed each nerve to effectively hold over many emergencies, is an intriguing corporate story. 2. Investigation for the causes, and drafting the medicinal measures: A target examination drew out the accompanying genuine peculiarities gazing at the essence of M&S, (the later shorter logo rendition of Marks &Spencer): deals were consistently decreasing (the most noticeably terrible was during 2004-2006), clients were gradually moving endlessly since their inclinations and what M&S offered didn't coordinate all the time, client support offered by M&S was less than impressive and contender pressure was mounting. Presently the organization had almost no alternative. They needed to embrace harm control gauges rapidly to reestablish the listing certainty of even their most steadfast clients. Vital arranging and steady promotion crusade acted the hero, and once they balanced out their standing, at that point there was no glancing back by any stretch of the imagination. They focused more on Communication Strategy to charm the clients back to their showrooms. The ad crus ades involved the prime spot in the showcasing correspondence exercises. 3. What is publicizing and its essentialness: What it can do and what it can't do : Advertising is the center component of any promoting correspondence which plans to interface the business with its clients. Publicizing can be characterized as any paid type of non-individual introduction and correspondence through broad communications. The primary point of publicizing is to offer to a wide blend of customers and furthermore to prompt recurrent buys. Again the principle goals of publicizing are making mindfulness about an item or store, make a longing to need an item, to convey the store's arrangement on different issues, to help in repositioning of the store in the psyche of the buyer and to expand the deals of explicit classifications or to produce momentary income by method of a deal, deal offers or blowouts. Ad can likewise help in strengthening the retailer's corporate identity.1 (Swapna Pradhan, 2007) This part of reproducing the retailer's corporate personality and repositioni ng the store in the psyches of the buyers weighed vigorously with M&S the board who chose to dispatch a unique crash into the buyers private inclinations in a viable way. In any case, they were additionally mindful of the constraints of a unimportant ad crusade alone . Essentially correspondence is utilized to illuminate the clients about the retailer, the product and the administrations. Past that it could accomplish quite little of any value. It is accepted that each brand contact conveys a feeling that can reinforce or debilitate the purchaser's perspective on the company.2 ( Philip Kotler). So they chose to satisfactorily back it up with a great deal of picture supporter just as Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15942283599186778681noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3603015416897777886.post-72152713600205331992020-08-22T09:19:00.001-07:002020-08-22T09:19:31.228-07:00Impact of Social Media on Political CampaignsEffect of Social Media on Political Campaigns Presentation: The happening to the mechanized period and the rising of web based systems administration have changed the manner in which political fights are sought after. Ten years earlier, making a second battle blessing with one touch on your mobile phone was outlandish. Building has changed how we completed basically everything in our consistently to day lãââ ±fe, so itââ¬â¢s no astound that it is changing over the political scene, from online notification centering to web casting a ballot. The Social Media Since energetic voters found they could companion Barack Obama on Facebook all around the 2008 decisions, web sorting out has gotten imparted in the manner we consider political talk. Government specialists and tech evangelists much a similar consider it to be the best way to deal with a substitute sort of regulatory issues: Fight and searchers can engage local people, enable grassroots collaboration, and recognizing offering request with the brief information of a Tweeting electorate. The inescapable effects, positive mastermindsââ¬â¢ fight, will be a kind of mechanized predominant government, depicted by a closer, increasingly target connection between the picked powers and their constituents. Nevertheless relational connection, in a similar way as any possible unit, could be utilized to separate notoriety based practices also. Scott Tan won the race considering a mixed pack of fragments, yet Eni Mustafaraj and Panagiotis Metaxes of Wellseley School, who chronicled the occasion, expected that the revelation of against Coakley messages through relational affiliations featured future possibilities for a little division of the individuals to get the unwavering quality of a web crawler and increase their messages to an enormous get-together of people continually, with little exertion, and without take after. While the strikes on Coakley were destitute upon a pledge drive she completed to ensure hold in Washington, energized by lobbyists with social insurance customers, its conceivable similar systems could be utilized to spread far and away deceptive around a contender. Filippo Menczer, Copartner Educator of Informatics and PC Science at the Indiana School, Bloomington, fills in as the crucial ace for Truthy, an assessment meander concentrated on going with the spread of pictures on the web. Named after Stephen Colberts from-the-gut truthiness, the Truthy collection utilizes a calculation penniless upon race explicit basic words and condition of cerebrum markers a kind of assessment a ton much the equivalent to the one utilized at the School of Indiana to foresee changes in the part trading system to go connected at the hip with political cunning fights on Twitter. The Truthy collection, pushed by the Massachusetts decision, chose to follow advanced Astroturf battles all around race years. Individuals are, without a doubt controlled without remembering it considering the way that a pic could be given moment by and large inescapability by a high web chase device situating, thusly supporting a deceptive. In case you mull over what proportion of putting a progression on TV costs, you could pay a watchman of individuals to post counterfeit data and push it through relational affiliations, says Menczer, who, thinking about his assessment, foresees future control of the Twitter round for political extensions. Its a sort of data contamination. Spamming on relational affiliations has immaterial effort and has the probability to influence a huge proportion of individuals. From the perspective of some individual pursuing position, it could be insane NOT to utilize this pattern. A substitute assessment of how the fights are utilizing modernized instruments to talk unmistakably with voters-bypassing the channel of expected media-finds that the Obama battle introduced practically multiple times on the degree that as the Romney battle and was vivified on about twice as different stages. Obamas motorized substance in addition influenced more reaction from people when in doubt twofold the proportion of parts, perspectives and remarks of his posts. The examination of the prompt advising regarding the candidates furthermore reveals something about the disputes the different sides were using to win voters. For what reason is online networking a triumph? Informal communication made a couple of advances in the 2008 choice, with the Obama battle using Facebook to raise volunteer patron masterminds and activate the base. In three brief years, regardless, informal communication has progressed so radically, and gets the chance to be so unavoidable in regular daily existence for surely voters, that the fledging methodologies sent in 2008 look determinedly matured. Here is the explanation informal communication currently can speak to the choosing second fights: Crowd: Social systems administration is used by people of all age pack, and for choices, voters on both side of the divider rely upon web based systems administration to campaign. Impact: Online systems administration customers rely overwhelmingly upon their relationship for admonishment on what to devour, wear, watch, and who to decide in favor of. Financially savvy: it is less expensive to advert a battle and make it viral through media, appeared differently in relation to coordinating events with administrators tending to the gathering live. Konyââ¬â¢s Campaign 2012 The revealed real factors of the Kony 2012 element and long range interpersonal communication fight are clear, if astounding. As Jason Russell, the virtuoso of the fight and author of imperceptible kids, tells us in the element, The redirection has new manages everything. Simultaneously with the ultimate objective it should work, you have to give cautious thought. Furthermore, millions have given cautious thought. As of time of forming, there have been more than 137 million points of view of the 30 second element in about fourteen days (more than 84 million on Youtube, more than 16 million on Vimeo, and various numbers on various stages The dangerous of Kony is clear, potentially more so considering the way that the LRA currently has no recognizable political centers other than the endurance of the religion of Kony. Meanwhile the producers of the Kony 2012 trademark have been analyzed for, spread alia, pushing what is recognized as an incensed, American outcome. As Victor Ochen, the head of African Youth Action Framework orchestrated in Lira, the site of one of Konys most exceedingly terrible butchers in Uganda, They are centring more on an American react in due request in regards to an African accident than the all fusing methodology which should combine regular governments and individuals who are exceptionally key to make this a triumph. Others have reviled the upgrade to oneself of Jason Russell, and Ugandans themselves, as communicated by Al Jazeera, consider the to be as an outside, stirred up record that put down and exhibited their wretchedness. as expressed by the divider road diary, a social event seeing the trademark suspended showings in northern Uganda after exasperated watchers pelted leaves behind stones and guests to radio broadcasts tested the delineation of deceived people in the accident. As the social event, the African Youth Action Framework, completed a live explanation of the film story into the near to Luo language, a typical 35,000 individuals started sneering. Some heaved rocks at the screen and aggregation parts, who pulled the association on the trademark. The social event suspended future showings End: In this developing world, it probably won't be on the right track to wrap up, recognizing the instances of Obama all through 2008 races, 2012 choices, and the viral element of Kony all through 2012 that media is convincing, and to an incredible degree viral. The distorted picture can in like manner be painted out for the gathering of spectators to rely on. Moreover, the genuine truth may be revealed with respect to legislators that can turn their campaigns around. Where an enemy social occasion can play tarnished administrative issues by moving an unpalatable component cut of a substitute cheerful, the supporters can similarly counter in the wake of using similar techniques. Could casual correspondence help voter turnout? The solicitation is for all expectations and reason illustrative considering the route that as of now we dont have hard detail saying, it would not be right to presume that casual correspondence is carrying this different individuals to genuinely voteand there are affiliations that have enlisted 5 million youths to cast a ballot since they were set up and that they do by far most of their spellbinding of pre-adult voters through web based systems administration. To finish up the article, online networking is the most recent viral mechanism of battle. Government officials have tremendous power over what to show and what to cover up. Since internet based life is a gathering which is viewed by the adolescent, which not to overlook, is most of the populaces, are fiery and permeable of brains, can without much of a stretch be persuaded is they are talked after utilizing their method of correspondences. Furthermore, governmental issues is an issue to be provided food in the most ideal way to increase greatest number of voters, a medium as quick and proficient as internet based life is the best alternative accessible. Works Cited News coverage. http://www.journalism.org/2012/08/15/how-presidential-competitors use-web-and-web based life/>. Konrad. http://www.kas.de/medien-afrika/en/distributions/30563/>. Philip Merrill. http://ajrarchive.org/article.asp?id=5445>. The Atlantic. http://www.theatlantic.com/legislative issues/chronicle/2010/11/when-crusades control web based life/66351/>. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15942283599186778681noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3603015416897777886.post-79482838440829766752020-08-21T06:37:00.003-07:002020-08-21T06:37:06.395-07:00Why Do People With Social Anxiety Disorder ShakeWhy Do People With Social Anxiety Disorder Shake Social Anxiety Disorder Symptoms Print Why Do People With Social Anxiety Disorder Shake? By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 21, 2020 Social Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Verywell / Nusha Ashjaee In This Article Table of Contents Expand Causes Triggers Treatment Coping View All Shaking or trembling of the hands or other parts of the body is a common physical symptom you may experience as part of social anxiety disorder (SAD). When your shaking results from anxiety, it is a result of the fight-or-flight response. As much as you might feel terrible in the moment that you are shaking, and that the whole world can see just how nervous you areâ"remember that people dont really notice as much as you think they do. Causes When you shake because of anxiety, it is a result of the fight-or-flight response. This physiological response to threats in the environment increases your alertness and prepares your body for exertion. In the absence of a real physical threat, your body becomes revved up to fight a lion or tiger, but more likely what you are facing is a stranger or an audience. If you are in an anxiety-provoking social or performance situation, your body will release the hormone epinephrine (also known as adrenaline).?? Epinephrine directs blood to your skeletal muscles. You may also experience increased heart rate, blood pressure, and blood sugar. A second hormone, norepinephrine, is also released and involved in many of these changes in your body. When your body starts to quiver, it is as a result of all of these complex internal processes. Shaking can also result from a medical condition such as Parkinsons disease or be the side effect of some medications. When shaking is the result of a medical condition or medication, a medical doctor will determine the best course of treatment. Triggering Situations Common situations in which you might notice your hands or body shaking include when you are: Pouring drinksRaising a drink to your mouthHolding silverwareSigning a checkWriting in front of othersHolding papers during a presentation Shaking and Social Anxiety If you struggle with social anxiety disorder, you probably have problems with shaking in front of others.?? Have you ever had trouble raising a glass to your lips or holding notes during a speech without shaking? You might even notice your legs shaking or your lips quivering. Often these symptoms are also kept going by a cycle of negative thinking. Oh no, Im starting to shake! You think. Guess what that causes? More shaking. Tense muscles. You trying to control your shaking, hiding your hands behind your backâ"doing things to try and hide it from others. Unfortunately, fighting against your anxiety and using avoidance strategies will tend to make your shaking worse. But dont worryâ"there are things you can do to shake less. Treatment People who shake because of anxiety may be treated with either medication or talk therapy. Beta-blockers are sometimes used to cope with infrequent anxiety-provoking situations, such as speeches or performances. These medications treat the symptoms of anxiety by blocking the effect of adrenaline but do not address underlying psychological issues. Talk therapies such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) or acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) can be helpful for changing your thought patterns that contribute to social anxiety symptoms. Contact a mental health professional (or get a referral from your doctor) to receive one of these therapies (if you are diagnosed with anxiety), or try them out as self-help methods on your own. Find an Anxiety Therapist Online How to Cope Things that may make your shaking worse (and that you can avoid):?? Lack of sleepCaffeine Positive strategies that you can use to manage shaking: MeditationRegular exerciseManaging stressAcknowledging your anxietyPracticing deep breathing While you may never be fully free of shaking, by following a lifestyle that includes positive measures to combat stress and shaking is a good first step. Rememberâ"people probably notice a lot less than you think. If you ever find yourself shaking in front of someone, dont try to control it, as that will only make the shaking worse. Instead, focus on something else and move your mind along with so that it doesnt become fixated on the physical symptom and degenerate into a panic attack. A Word From Verywell Everyone gets nervous from time to time. However, if you find that your shaking is having a significant negative effect on your daily functioning, it is important to seek help. Shaking that results from social anxiety disorder can be treated with medication or therapy. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15942283599186778681noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3603015416897777886.post-9527476835784585702020-08-21T06:37:00.001-07:002020-08-21T06:37:06.067-07:00Why Do People With Social Anxiety Disorder ShakeWhy Do People With Social Anxiety Disorder Shake Social Anxiety Disorder Symptoms Print Why Do People With Social Anxiety Disorder Shake? By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 21, 2020 Social Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Verywell / Nusha Ashjaee In This Article Table of Contents Expand Causes Triggers Treatment Coping View All Shaking or trembling of the hands or other parts of the body is a common physical symptom you may experience as part of social anxiety disorder (SAD). When your shaking results from anxiety, it is a result of the fight-or-flight response. As much as you might feel terrible in the moment that you are shaking, and that the whole world can see just how nervous you areâ"remember that people dont really notice as much as you think they do. Causes When you shake because of anxiety, it is a result of the fight-or-flight response. This physiological response to threats in the environment increases your alertness and prepares your body for exertion. In the absence of a real physical threat, your body becomes revved up to fight a lion or tiger, but more likely what you are facing is a stranger or an audience. If you are in an anxiety-provoking social or performance situation, your body will release the hormone epinephrine (also known as adrenaline).?? Epinephrine directs blood to your skeletal muscles. You may also experience increased heart rate, blood pressure, and blood sugar. A second hormone, norepinephrine, is also released and involved in many of these changes in your body. When your body starts to quiver, it is as a result of all of these complex internal processes. Shaking can also result from a medical condition such as Parkinsons disease or be the side effect of some medications. When shaking is the result of a medical condition or medication, a medical doctor will determine the best course of treatment. Triggering Situations Common situations in which you might notice your hands or body shaking include when you are: Pouring drinksRaising a drink to your mouthHolding silverwareSigning a checkWriting in front of othersHolding papers during a presentation Shaking and Social Anxiety If you struggle with social anxiety disorder, you probably have problems with shaking in front of others.?? Have you ever had trouble raising a glass to your lips or holding notes during a speech without shaking? You might even notice your legs shaking or your lips quivering. Often these symptoms are also kept going by a cycle of negative thinking. Oh no, Im starting to shake! You think. Guess what that causes? More shaking. Tense muscles. You trying to control your shaking, hiding your hands behind your backâ"doing things to try and hide it from others. Unfortunately, fighting against your anxiety and using avoidance strategies will tend to make your shaking worse. But dont worryâ"there are things you can do to shake less. Treatment People who shake because of anxiety may be treated with either medication or talk therapy. Beta-blockers are sometimes used to cope with infrequent anxiety-provoking situations, such as speeches or performances. These medications treat the symptoms of anxiety by blocking the effect of adrenaline but do not address underlying psychological issues. Talk therapies such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) or acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) can be helpful for changing your thought patterns that contribute to social anxiety symptoms. Contact a mental health professional (or get a referral from your doctor) to receive one of these therapies (if you are diagnosed with anxiety), or try them out as self-help methods on your own. Find an Anxiety Therapist Online How to Cope Things that may make your shaking worse (and that you can avoid):?? Lack of sleepCaffeine Positive strategies that you can use to manage shaking: MeditationRegular exerciseManaging stressAcknowledging your anxietyPracticing deep breathing While you may never be fully free of shaking, by following a lifestyle that includes positive measures to combat stress and shaking is a good first step. Rememberâ"people probably notice a lot less than you think. If you ever find yourself shaking in front of someone, dont try to control it, as that will only make the shaking worse. Instead, focus on something else and move your mind along with so that it doesnt become fixated on the physical symptom and degenerate into a panic attack. A Word From Verywell Everyone gets nervous from time to time. However, if you find that your shaking is having a significant negative effect on your daily functioning, it is important to seek help. Shaking that results from social anxiety disorder can be treated with medication or therapy. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15942283599186778681noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3603015416897777886.post-45674901175324817422020-05-24T21:05:00.001-07:002020-05-24T21:05:03.720-07:00Understanding Dinosaur Combat In Hollywood movies, dinosaur fights have clear winners and losers, carefully demarcated arenas (say, an open patch of scrubland or the cafeteria in Jurassic Park), and usually a bunch of scared-out-of-their-wits human spectators. In real life, though, dinosaur fights were more like confused, chaotic bar brawls than Ultimate Fighting matches, and rather than persisting for multiple rounds, they were usually over in the blink of a Jurassic eye. (See a list of the Deadliest Dinosaurs, as well as Prehistoric Battles featuring your favorite dinosaurs, reptiles, and mammals.) Its important at the outset to distinguish between the two main types of dinosaur combat. Predator/prey encounters (for example, between a hungry Tyrannosaurus Rex and alone, juvenile Triceratops) were quick and brutal, with no rules except kill or be killed. But intra-species clashes (say, two male Pachycephalosaurus head-butting each other for the right to mate with available females) had a more ritualistic aspect, and rarely resulted in a combatants death (though one presumes serious injuries were common). Of course, in order to fight successfully, you need to be equipped with suitable weapons. Dinosaurs didnt have access to firearms (or even blunt instruments), but they were endowed with naturally evolved adaptations that helped them either to hunt down their lunch, avoid being lunch or propagate the species in order to restock the global lunch menu. Offensive weapons (like sharp teeth and long claws) were almost exclusively the province of meat-eating dinosaurs, which preyed on one another or on gentler herbivores, while defensive weapons (like armor plating and tail clubs) were evolved by plant-eaters in order to fend off attacks by predators. A third type of weapon consisted of sexually selected adaptations (such as sharp horns and thickened skulls), wielded by the males of some dinosaur species in order to dominate the herd or compete for the attention of females. Offensive Dinosaur Weapons Teeth. Meat-eating dinosaurs like T. Rex and Allosaurus didnt evolve big, sharp teeth merely to eat their prey; like modern cheetahs and great white sharks, they used these choppers to deliver quick, powerful, and (if they were delivered in the right place at the right time) fatal bites. Well never know for sure, but reasoning by analogy with modern carnivores, it seems likely that these theropods aimed for their victims necks and bellies, where a strong bite would cause the most damage. Claws. Some carnivorous dinosaurs (like Baryonyx) were equipped with large, powerful claws on their front hands, which they used to slash at prey, while others (like Deinonychus and its fellow raptors) had single, oversized, curved claws on their hind feet. Its unlikely that a dinosaur could have killed prey with its claws alone; these weapons were probably also used to grapple with opponents and keep them in a death grip. (Bear in mind, however, that huge claws dont necessarily connote a carnivorous diet; the big-clawed Deinocheirus, for example, was a confirmed vegetarian.) Eyesight and smell. The most advanced predators of the Mesozoic Era (like the human-sized Troodon) were equipped with large eyes and relatively advanced binocular vision, which made it easier for them to zero in on prey, especially when hunting by night. Some carnivores also possessed an advanced sense of smell, which enabled them to scent prey from far off (though its also possible that this adaptation was used to home in on already-dead, rotting carcasses). Momentum. Tyrannosaurs were built like battering rams, with enormous heads, thick bodies, and powerful hind legs. Short of delivering a fatal bite, an attacking Daspletosaurus could knock its victim silly, provided it had the element of surprise on its side and a sufficient head of steam. Once the unlucky Stegosaurus was lying on its side, stunned and confused, the hungry theropod could move in for the quick kill. Speed. Speed was an adaptation shared equally by predators and prey, a good example of an evolutionary arms race. Since they were smaller and more lightly built than tyrannosaurs, raptors and dino-birds were especially quick, which created an evolutionary incentive for the plant-eating ornithopods they hunted to run faster as well. As a rule, carnivorous dinosaurs were capable of short bursts of high speed, while herbivorous dinosaurs could sustain a slightly less brisk pace for a longer period of time. Bad breath. This may sound like a joke, but paleontologists believe that the teeth of some tyrannosaurs were shaped so as to purposely accumulate shreds of dead tissue. As these shreds rotted, they bred dangerous bacteria, meaning any non-fatal bites inflicted on other dinosaurs would result in infected, gangrenous wounds. The unlucky plant-eater would drop dead in a few days, at which point the responsible Carnotaurus (or any other predator in the immediate vicinity) chowed down on its carcass. Defensive Dinosaur Weapons Tails. The long, flexible tails of sauropods and titanosaurs had more than one function: they helped to counterbalance these dinosaurs equally long necks, and their ample surface area may have helped dissipate excess heat. However, its also believed that some of these behemoths could lash their tails like whips, delivering stunning blows to approaching predators. The use of tails for defensive purposes reached its apex with the ankylosaurs, or armored dinosaurs, which evolved heavy, macelike growths at the ends of their tails that could crush the skulls of unwary raptors. Armor. Until the knights of medieval Europe learned to forge metallic armor, no creatures on earth were more impervious to attack than Ankylosaurus and Euoplocephalus (the latter even had armored eyelids). When attacked, these ankylosaurs would plop down onto the ground, and the only way they could be killed was if a predator managed to flip them onto their backs and dig into their soft underbellies. By the time the dinosaurs went extinct, even titanosaurs had evolved a light armored coating, which may have helped fend off pack attacks by packs of smaller raptors. Sheer bulk. One of the reasons sauropods and hadrosaurs attained such enormous sizes is that full-grown adults would have been virtually immune to predation: not even a pack of adult Alioramus could hope to take down a 20-ton Shantungosaurus. The downside to this, of course, was that predators shifted their attention to easier-to-pick-off babies and juveniles, meaning that out of a clutch of 20 or 30 eggs laid by a female Diplodocus, only one or two might manage to reach adulthood. Camouflage. The one feature of dinosaurs that rarely (if ever) fossilizes is their skin color--so well never know if Protoceratops sported zebra-like stripes, or if Maiasauras mottled skin made it difficult to see in dense underbrush. However, reasoning by analogy with modern prey animals, it would be very surprising indeed if hadrosaurs and ceratopsians didnt sport some kind of camouflage to cloak them from the attention of predators Speed. As mentioned above, evolution is an equal-opportunity employer: as the predatory dinosaurs of the Mesozoic Era become faster, so do their prey, and vice-versa. While a 50-ton sauropod couldnt have run very fast, the average hadrosaur could rear up onto its hind legs and beat the bipedal retreat in response to danger, and some smaller plant-eating dinosaurs may have been capable of sprinting at 30 or 40 (or possibly 50) miles per hour while being chased. Hearing. As a general rule, predators are endowed with superior sight and smell, while prey animals possess acute hearing (so they can run away if they hear a threatening rustle in the distance). Based on an analysis of their crested skulls, it seems likely that some duck-billed dinosaurs (like Parasaurolophus and Charonosaurus) could bellow to each other over long distances, so an individual hearing the footsteps of an approaching tyrannosaur would be able to warn the herd. Intra-Species Dinosaur Weapons Horns. The fearsome-looking horns of Triceratops may only have been secondarily intended to warn away a hungry T. Rex. The position and orientation of ceratopsian horns lead paleontologists to conclude that their main purpose was in dueling with other males for dominance in the herd or breeding rights. Of course, unlucky males might be wounded, or even killed, in this process--researchers have unearthed numerous dinosaur bones bearing the marks of intra-species combat. Frills. The giant head ornaments of ceratopsian dinosaurs served two purposes. First, oversized frills made these plant-eaters look bigger in the eyes of hungry carnivores, which might opt to concentrate on smaller fare instead. And second, if these frills were brightly colored, they could have been used to signal the desire to fight during mating season. (Frills may also have had yet another purpose, as their large surface areas helped to dissipate and absorb heat.) Crests. Not quite a weapon in the classic sense, crests were protrusions of bone most often found on duck-billed dinosaurs. These backward-pointing growths would have been useless in a fight, but they may well have been employed to attract females (theres evidence that the crests of some Parasaurolophus males were larger than those of the females). As mentioned above, its also likely that some duck-billed dinosaurs funneled air through these crests as a way of signaling to others of their kind. Skulls. This peculiar weapon was unique to the family of dinosaurs known as pachycephalosaurs (thick-headed lizards). Pachycephalosaurs like Stegoceras and Sphaerotholus sported up to a foot of bone on the tops of their skulls, which they presumably used to head-butt one another for dominance in the herd and the right to mate. Theres some speculation that pachycephalosaurs may also have butted the flanks of approaching predators with their thickened domes. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15942283599186778681noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3603015416897777886.post-10064380689148979972020-05-14T04:03:00.001-07:002020-05-14T04:03:10.506-07:00Benedick in William Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing... Benedick in William Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing In the first extract, Benedick and Claudio are alone so the focus of the audience is on them. Shakespeare makes all the characters leave the scene except for Benedick and Claudio, which shows that whilst Beatrice and the others are more sociable and keep with the group, Benedick and Claudio want some time to themselves. This shows that Benedick does not like large crowds of people and is automatically portrayed as an introverted character. It is also an ideal time for Claudio to talk to Benedick about Hero because he thinks about her so much that the entry of their conversation is about her. ââ¬Å"Benedick, didst thou note the daughter of Signorâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬Å"Isââ¬â¢t come to this? In faith hath not the world one man but he will wear his cap with suspicion? Shall I never see a bachelor of threescore again?â⬠His language suggests that he could be angry, but inside he feels upset that his friend wants to get married and that he feels left out. In the second extract, Benedickââ¬â¢s monologue suggests that he will never find the right woman because, ââ¬Å"Till all graces be in one woman, one woman shall not come in my grace.â⬠According to Benedick, his ideal wife has to be perfect, but no one is perfect so he will never find a wife. Benedick believes that women are untrustworthy and he mentions in the previous extract, ââ¬Å"I will do myself the right to trust none. And the fine is, for the which I may go the finer, I will live a bachelor.â⬠He is still very sarcastic and somewhat childish as he calls Claudio, ââ¬ËMonsieur Love!ââ¬â¢, but he may be jealous of him inside. Don Pedro, Leonato and Claudio all take part in the gulling of Benedick. Benedickââ¬â¢s monologue afterwards has a definite change in tone and attitude. ââ¬Å"They say the lady is fair; ââ¬Ëtis a truth, I can bear them witness; and virtuous; so, I cannot reprove itââ¬â¢ andShow MoreRelatedBenedick And Beatrice In William Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing1042 Words à |à 5 PagesWilliam Shakespeareââ¬â¢s classic comedy Much Ado About Nothing follows the story of the two famous pairs of young lovers; Claudio and Hero, and Benedick and Beatrice. Although mainly following the first pair throughout the text, the relationship between Benedick and Beatrice is followed throughout the text with less attention from the reader, not noticing love forming between the two. Shakespeare sets his text in Messina, a town located on the island of Sicily in Italy. The play mainly takes place atRead MoreBeatrice and Benedick as a Couple in William Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing13 36 Words à |à 6 PagesBeatrice and Benedick as a Couple in William Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing Much Ado About Nothing is a Shakespeare play set in Mecina. It is a comedy, about Don Pedro and his friends. The play focuses on the relationships of the characters, especially that of Beatrice/Benedick and Claudio/Hero. The two romances follow two different ideas, one an average romance in Shakespeares day, the other a not so average romance. Beatrice and Benedicks history together isRead MoreThe Portrayal of Benedick and Beatrice in William Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing702 Words à |à 3 PagesThe Portrayal of Benedick and Beatrice in William Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing At the beginning of William Shakespeares play Much Ado About Nothing he portrays Beatrice and Benedick as two argumentative young people. However he also portrays them as being attracted to each other, this becomes clear because the first thing Beatrice says in the play is I pray you, is Signor Mountanto returnd from the wars or no? She is talking about Benedick asking the messengerRead More Much Ado About Nothing Essay: Beatrice, Benedick, and Love879 Words à |à 4 PagesBeatrice, Benedick, and Love in Much Ado About Nothing William Shakespeareââ¬â¢s Much Ado About Nothingà is set in thirteenth century Italy.à The plot of the play can be categorized as comedy or tragicomedy .à à à Villainy and scheming combine with humor and sparkling wordplay in Shakespeares comedy of manners. Claudio is deceived into believing that Hero, is unfaithful. Meanwhile, Benedick and Beatrice have a kind of merry war between them, matching wits in repartee.à This paper will attemptRead MoreEssay on Compare and Contrast: Claudio and Benedick1375 Words à |à 6 PagesClaudio and Benedick Shakespeareââ¬â¢s comedy, Much Ado About Nothing, is a play that follows a small group of friends from a high-class society in Massina. Two of this group are friends are Claudio and Benedick. In the beginning of the play they are seemingly similar, in that they both are of an upper-class upbringing and do their best to maintain their social reputation. The characters are made as to enhance their differences by the end of the play; they are foils to one another. Both Benedick and ClaudioRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Much Ado About Nothing898 Words à |à 4 PagesBeatrice, Benedick, and Love in Much Ado About Nothing William Shakespeareââ¬â¢s Much Ado About Nothing is set in thirteenth century Italy. The plot of the play can be categorized as comedy or tragicomedy . Villainy and scheming combine with humor and sparkling wordplay in Shakespeare s comedy of manners. Claudio is deceived into believing that Hero, is unfaithful. Meanwhile, Benedick and Beatrice have a kind of merry war between them, matching wits in repartee. This paper will attempt toRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Much Ado About Nothing909 Words à |à 4 PagesWilliam Shakespeareââ¬â¢s play Much Ado about Nothing traverses the complex social, and emotional trials and triumphs of romantic relationships; Shakespeareââ¬â¢s perspective on the subject is both very similar to ours today, and different. Although filled with sexual innuendos, and humorous trickery and shenanigans, Much Ado about Nothing also dives into the complexities of social anxieties, defense mechanisms to cope with the social pressures, and the emotions involved. First, the characters in MuchRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Much Ado About Nothing1317 Words à |à 6 PagesMuch to Do About Noting Deceit is the act of concealing or misrepresenting the truth. Deceit plays an important role in the plot of Shakespeareââ¬â¢s play Much Ado about Nothing. It also has a large influence on the relationships of the play. Much Ado about Nothing is a play written by William Shakespeare who is widely considered the greatest dramatist of all time. William Shakespeare was baptized on April 26, 1564, in Stratford-upon-Avon, England. From roughly 1594 onward he was an important memberRead More Comparing Katharina, of The Taming of the Shrew and Beatrice of Much Ado About Nothing1317 Words à |à 6 PagesComparing Shakespeareââ¬â¢s Katharina, of The Taming of the Shrew and Beatrice, of Much Ado About Nothing Shakespeareââ¬â¢s Katharina, of The Taming of the Shrew and Beatrice, of Much Ado About Nothing, are very similar characters.à Each is plagued with unrequited love, and depressed by their inability to woo the suitor of their choosing.à Neither will accept the passive female role expected by society. Yet, both women seem to accept their role as wife by the conclusion.à Upon further examination, oneRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Much Ado About Nothing1285 Words à |à 6 PagesMuch Ado About Nothing, is a comedic play by William Shakespeare thought to have been written in 1598 and 1599, as Shakespeare was approaching the middle of his career. (Wikipedia) This timeless play is generally considered one of Shakespeareââ¬â¢s best comedies, because it combines a cheerful mood with an intricate series of deceptions and miscommunications. Itââ¬â¢s known for its hilarity, honor, shame and court politics. Shakespeare depicts different kinds of loving relationships- romantic love, family Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15942283599186778681noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3603015416897777886.post-22252096001393554702020-05-06T14:42:00.001-07:002020-05-06T14:42:35.421-07:00Native Americans And Inuit From The American Arctic Introduction and Early Contact European explorers typically viewed Native Americans and Inuit (formerly called ââ¬Å"Eskimoâ⬠) peoples as uncivilized savages who could be ignored, treated as curiosities, or manipulated to meet the goals of businessmen, clerics, scientists, or politicians. Civil interaction with native peoples was pursued only when it was critical to the success of European ventures such as procuring gold, silver, fur, and land. These exploitative or antagonistic relationships with native groups arose from ethnocentric attitudes which to some degree still persist in both public and private arenas. But today, we understand the importance of looking at primary sources, both written and archaeological, for a richer and more complete narrative about what such earlier encounters meant to the participants. The first documented contact between New World and Old World people took place when the Norse colonized the American Arctic in A.D. 985. The demanding Arctic environment required that European ex plorers and indigenous Inuit people share a mutual interest in maintaining friendly relationships for reasons of economy and survival. Subsequent European-Inuit contacts across the American Arctic played out along similar lines, with Inuit people quickly adopting new materials and technologies (especially firearms), but maintaining their language and their Arctic-adapted culture to this day. The British Subsequent European colonization pursued rather different settlementShow MoreRelatedWho Is Considered An Indian1430 Words à |à 6 PagesThis could range from person to person and how they define themselves or this could be a definition of what the acts define them as. The government prefers to go with the definitions of the acts. Not what people define them as. If you say your First Nations but according to the act your not defined as an Indian then you don t get status. So what is the definition you ask? These are the definitions, the term Indian can be spilt into 3 different terms: First Nations, Metis, and Inuit. First Nations:Read MoreThe Exploration Of The Arctic Oil Spills1163 Words à |à 5 PagesIn the Beginning Prior to todayââ¬â¢s mechanisms, Native Americans and European settlers retrieved minor amounts of crude oil from holes in the ground. It was not until the mid-nineteenth century when Colonel Edwin Drake discovered the how to retrieve even larger quantities of oil. He realized that, by drilling a hole deep enough, greater quantities of oil could be obtained. Colonel Edwin Drake established the very first oil well in Titusville, Pennsylvania. After Colonel Edwin Drakeââ¬â¢s discovery, theRead MoreA Research Project On Inuit Of Arctic Canada1762 Words à |à 8 Pageswith one of the groups most affected by radically elevated rates of self-destructive behaviour: The Inuit of Arctic Canada. More specifically, my research project will concentrate on work with Inuit youth to try to determine what social, cultural, political, and economic factors drive young people into physically (and mentally) detrimental behaviour. Secondarily, I intend to also examine how Inuit communities socia lly endure and cope with such drastic rates of youth suicide and other related behavioursRead MoreThe Arctic Regions Of The North And North Poles743 Words à |à 3 Pages The Two Poles The north and south poles also known as the arctic and Antarctic are two isolated regions of the planet located in each hemisphere of the planet. When for some reasons these two regions come to our minds we used to think in two far, isolated, cold, and uninhabited place of the world. It is true the they seem very similar but is actually the opposite. Their weather and topography is not the same, they have different animalsRead MoreThe Dietary Adjustments Of A Particular Culture2087 Words à |à 9 Pagesof a particular culture is indicative of the cultural impact of another and is frequently exemplified throughout the colonial history of North America. Indeed, the incorporation of European food goods, such as alcohol, into the diet of the North American Indigenous Peoples is representative of the immense influence which the first explorers had on these early tribes (Lunn 1992). Furthermore, the transitional dietary modifications of the First Nations People of Canadaââ¬â¢s north i s a direct reflectionRead MoreNative American Art And European Art2008 Words à |à 9 PagesNative American culture was a great influence on newly introduced western art when settlers first came to North America. Not only did Native Americans have their own style of art, sculpture, basket weaving, and other fine arts. Their artistic styles helped influence some European art and gave them a different outlook on not only art itself, but a brand new culture that they have not seen before. This paper will talk about the different styles of Native American art and compare it to European artRead MoreCanada Research Paper Rough Draft Essay1178 Words à |à 5 Pages8,891km/5,525miles long. The country expands from the Atlantic Ocean all the way to to the Pacific Ocean and right underneath the Arctic Ocean. Canada is the world s second-largest country in land mass, but has a small population of 31 million people. Canada was discovered and named by the French explorer Jacques Cartier in the year 1534. Kanata means village or settlement in the Saint-Lawrence Iroquoian language, the language spoken by the natives who gave Cartier directions. Canada is an contemporaryRead MoreThe Arctic Circle Lies At The Northernmost Point Of The Earth1687 Words à |à 7 PagesGreenland and Finland The Arctic Circle lies at the northernmost point of the Earth. Several countries have areas that are within the Arctic Circle. Those countries are Canada, United States of America, Russia, Greenland, Finland, Norway, Iceland, and Sweden. For decades this cold and snowy part of the word was a mystery to those outside of it. Within the last decade many television reality shows have brought the reality of this cold region of the world into clear focus for those of us that haveRead MoreHow Did The Environment Affect The Native American Indians?1323 Words à |à 6 PagesHow Did The Environment Affect The Native American Indians With Particular Reference To The Woodland Indians? The environment hugely affected the Native American Indians in many different ways. This is because of the way in which the Indians used the environment and the surrounding land. The Indians were very close to nature, and so that meant that any changes in nature would be changes in the Indians. Land The Indians thought of land very differently to the white man. The land was sacredRead MoreCanadian Culture Essay1408 Words à |à 6 Pagescertain way or using hand gestures to communicate different meanings, each nation of the world has something that allows it to stand out. This uniqueness can come from certain religions, cultural practices, geography, history or from a multitude of other reasons. Despite this, a unique nation usually gains its originality and identity from its people. The way the people interact, live, work, play and have come to exist dictate how others perceive them as a culture. Canada is a provocative country with Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15942283599186778681noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3603015416897777886.post-38840905393808118852020-05-05T15:51:00.001-07:002020-05-05T15:51:09.857-07:00Accounting Information System Data Mining System Question: Describe about the Accounting Information System for Data Mining System. Answer: Introduction With the due passage, there has been a strong reliance on the availability of data and this has become possible with the advent of various softwares. Technology has improved the performances of the organization. This has led to the emergence of Business Intelligence that is composed of various activities like reporting, processing, data mining, etc. The enterprise system is vastly benefited by it and in this report; the main stress will be on the Business intelligence, data mining, and how these are put to implementation (Peter et. al, 2013). Business Intelligence BI or Business Intelligence is basically an umbrella term which implies a variety of different software applications that are used to evaluate raw data of an organization. As a discipline, Business Intelligence is made up of various associated activities that include reporting, querying, online analytical processing, complex event processing, benchmarking, and data mining etc. BI is a technology-driven process that is primarily used by various companies, business managers and corporate executives so that they can enhance their decision-making, minimize expenditures and recognize new and effective opportunities for business (Peter et. al, 2013). It is more than just corporate reporting and a set of tools that is used to persuade data out of the enterprise systems. The CIO (Chief Information Officer) of companies to recognize several business processes that are ineffective and have become ready for re-engineering processes also uses it. The main objective of BI is to permit simple and easy interpretation of high volumes of data so that an effective strategy can be implemented based on insights that can provide companies with a long-term stability and competitive market advantage (Rodriguez et. al, 2010). In the current scenario where developed BI tools prevails, business management can jump in and start evaluating data themselves instead of waiting for IT to process several complex reports. This transformation to a more democratic political regime of easy accessible information can assist users to back up various business decisions that would otherwise be based only on anecdotes and gut feelings (Golfarelli Golfarelli, 2009). Even though Business Intelligence holds huge promises, implementations can be unshakeable by cultural and technical challenges. Management of companies are bound to ensure that the data feeding applications of BI is not hampered, that means it is consistent and clean enough to be trusted and relied upon by users (MacIntyre, 2004). Business intelligence provide a competitive advantage Industries and businesses from all around the world have observed various innovative or technological variations provided by the forces of globalization. One of such relevant variations is the prevalence of advanced IT (Information Technology) in the contemporary organizations. Regular enhancement of such globalization and IT proves to be the biggest factors that provides global aspect to competition. The business managers or corporate executives of contemporary organizations have been encouraged by such factors to introduce the Business Intelligence concept in their business environment (Watson et.al, 2007). They constantly concentrate on attaining an enhanced stage of competitive advantage in the international business markets. There are several ways by which BI can used to attain competitive advantage. Firstly, BI facilitates in the measurement of marketing efficiency. One of the key drivers for departure of advertising expenditure to the internet has been the potential to measure results. This can be attained through direct ways like impressions and click-through or indirect ways like evaluation of consumer emotions on blogs, social networks etc. BI can be used here as a major component in managing the huge volume of data involved in such work (Chugh Grandghi, 2013). The outcomes of this evaluation can assist contemporary organizations in targeting marketing budgets and understanding how to segment their markets. Secondly, contemporary organizations in fact, are weaker in enhancement of Human Resources. Therefore, they must focus on such improvement and BI can be adopted to develop and transform the relevance of their human capital. Markets that are highly competitive require HR strategies and examining of its performance. BI can support such processes by permitting organizations to gain better perceptions into the realization of their HRM strategies (Blumberg Atre, 2003). Thirdly, managers and executives of contemporary organizations can adopt BI to tran sform collected information into precious knowledge within their business architectures so that they can make better economic decisions in the global environment (Rud, 2009). This will provide them a competitive advantage in modern businesses. It has been observed that contemporary organizations that have adopted BI as a strategy in decision-making have attained competitive advantage over other competitors as BI could encompass business applications, technologies, and peoples skills into such decisions. Loyalty card process Data is the vital requirement of every sector, provides great functioning in the global economy, and is considered as an important factor of production like human capital, hard assets, etc. It is difficult to perform the economic activity without it (McKnight, 2003). In the retail, industry data mining helps in making crucial decisions and the apt example is the utilization of a tier system to enhance purchases. It is a big challenge to the companies to strike a balance between attainment and desirable rewards using a loyalty program. The main way through which it can be implemented is to utilize data mining. Rewards are used as a base for offering so that people draw towards the scheme. To get an upper hand, loyalty programs are being used and the consumers are engaged (Kimball, 2008). Data that i gathered through a loyalty program can provide great insight into the segment of customer and help to provide strategic dollar to every group. Sainsbury loyalty reward card is an apt examp le that was launched in the year 1996. It considered the monetary model that helps segmenting the customer that is based on certain data. Now the identification of the customer can be done based on the data that is collected. This leads to identification based on recency, frequency, as well as monetary. Using the above-mentioned technique it can be ascertained that which customers are most valuable and scoring can be done considering this. Such a customized approach has helped Sainsbury in filtering and tracing the customers based on various parameters. This has helped the company is implementation of various strategies. Hence, loyalty card program has not only won and retained the customers but has also helped in knowing the trend (Clark, 2006). Thereby, it can be said that the process of loyalty card program is not only to reward the customers but the information gathered from it is used to protect, grow, and acquire new customers. Reactivating the customers is an important consid eration and this is possible when sufficient data is available in this regard. It helps in proper analysis and leads to a better scope of activity (Clark, 2006). Overall, the system is based on providing strong support to the system and the same can be witnessed in the case of Sainsbury. This has provided a strong support to the functioning and hence, data mining and analytic can affect the performance of the organization in a strong fashion. Conclusion BI can contribute towards talent management in contemporary organizations to provide competitive advantage. It can evaluate the qualifications and skills of employees, analyze the efficiency of recruitment methods, measure efficiency of various learning programs and oversee the achievements of combining the objectives of employees with the corporate objectives. The use of data mining can help to provide a strong back up because huge pool of data can be assembled and evaluated to discern the pattern and lead to better decision making. This becomes the way for competition and growth for firms that are individual in nature that enhances the productivity and creates value by reduction of the waste (Coker, 2014). Data mining helps in sorting relationship and trace patterns that are useful in making chief decisions. Therefore, the application of BI in contemporary organizations has been very effective in promoting competitive advantage. Queensland Health systems implementation Introduction Systems Development Life Cycle refers to the series of steps that are to be employed in the development of any application that might be either hardware or software or a combination of both. It is used in information systems, software engineering and systems engineering. The steps included planning, coding, testing, and deploying as a part of implementation of any new application. The aim here is to complete the transition to new application and discard the old system. Old systems are obsolete and needs a change. Change needs to be done when there is a dearth of it. Therefore, a change can produce desired result and it has to be completed within a proper period to achieve the desired results. Factors contributing to failed Payroll System The Healthcare industry involves people, processes, and services provided by hospitals, pharmacies, diagnosis agencies, etc. For this reason, it is fundamentally different from the other industries irrespective of the fact whether it is public sector or private sector. This difference is in not only the nature but also the focus and size of the industry. Healthcare industry involves a lot of procedures and different acts. Therefore, it can be easily differentiated from the other industry. The Queensland Health Implementation project failure was estimated to be the most costly one in the southern hemisphere involving $1.25 billion AUD. The factors that contributed to this failure are not one but many. The three primary stakeholder teams were identified as Queensland Health, CorpTech, and IBM. The first and foremost issue was with IBMs selection as the prime contractor. While the protocol was that all the bidders for the project should be given the same information, for some unknown reasons, the Project Director was believed to have passed on some extra knowledge to IBM thus helping it gain a competitive advantage over the others and getting the project allotted. Since, the extra knowledge and information was provided it proved to be unethical. This proves that this was unethical in nature and providing extra knowledge goes against the policies framed by the government (Alwan, 2016). As in the implementation of any project the roles and responsibilities of each team has to be made clear for effective functioning, it was believed that as the implementation commenced, throughout the project the responsibilities were not clear. The Healthcare industry has its special requirements in the way that the focus is on the safety, well-being of the patients, person-to-person interaction is primary, and the number of clients catered to usually runs into millions when compared to other industries where it could be just thousands. The main aim is to provide hospitality and look after the people. These requirements have not been adhered to by the system development implementation. There are many complexities involved in the project that can be classified as complexity of the industry, complexity of the system itself and the complexity of the client consultant relationships. The complexities arise because there are different systems and each has its own peculiarity. Having diffe rent system leads to a variety of acts. The configuration used by the Department of Justice for SAP HR was adopted by Queensland and the milestones were decided keeping this as the basis. When IBM took up, additional planning was done in October 2008 that revealed an underestimation of the complexities and resulted in cost overruns and substantial increase in time. From the initial stage, the business requirements were poorly defined which had a negative impact. The risk when the Payroll Software was implemented in Queensland was massive as it was not first tried and tested in smaller government agencies where the complexities were less. Since, it was tested on a very small basis it led to problem. It needs to be noted that the pilot program needs to be done on a grand scale so that the effectiveness is high. However, it was not seen in the case of Queensland and it proved to be of bigger risk. The first test resulted in a discrepancy of $1.2 million AUD and the second test led to a discrepancy of $30,000 AUD. Despite these discrepancies, Queensland opted to Go Live without completing the testing of a few modules. Upon Go Live, a significant proportion of employees were either not paid or paid incorrectly. As the number of employees and types of wage structures were varied, the use of WorkBrain could have simplified the interface between SAP and the new Payroll System, but the same was not used or adopted. This was just the part of technical deficiencies. However, the series of difficulties did not ended here and apart from this, the industrial strike resulted in the resignation of a number of employees that was the accelerated human impact of all the chaos that had occurred. The layoff of a huge number of employees led to issue and the industrial strike led to difficulties that further aggravated the situation. The total cost of implementation, stabilization and maintenance resulted was estimated to be $1.25 Billion AUD. Classification of factors As there are very many problems from the inception stage itself, the classification is also done as below: The issue over IBMs selection would fall into the Preliminary analysis phase where the requirements of the organization are defined and the proposed alternative solutions are analyzed and classified by doing a cost benefit analysis. The bias in the tendering process is also a major hit back. The Requirements definition should be in such a way that details of the functional areas, problems and opportunities of the adopting organization are essential not only to ensure that the system performs but also to detail the scope of implementation. There has to be a proper documentation of the requirements that was also not done by Queensland. Proper documentation leads to greater compliance however, the absence proved to be a big failure for the organization (Siraj et. al, 2011). Every project is unique and has to be studied from specific perspectives. Each perspective has own pros and cons. Moreover, it needs to have proper logical functioning. Using the configuration of one project over another is a lapse in phase two that is Systems Analysis and Requirements Definition. The series of logical steps to be followed in this phase are collection of facts, scrutiny of the existing systems and analysis of the proposed system. The project over budget and over schedule is also an example of the gross failure of proper planning. The approach followed by Department of Public Housing is less complex since the pay structures are simpler when compared to those of Queensland. Thus, there is no proper definition of the requirements. A Queensland, there are 24,000 types of combinations of pay awards. This underestimation of the complexities in the wages structure has led to disastrous results. The presence of innumerable awards led to many complexities and hence it is diff icult to ascertain. The Integration and Testing Phase is not completed as the Casuals and overtime claims had not been tested due to lack of proper definition of the requirements. The possibility for existence of errors, bugs, and interoperability cannot be ruled out (Sheilds, 2005). WorkBrain was a major configuration that led to IBM being allotted this project at Queensland but this was not actually implemented during the project that was a major failure. WorkBrain was used to transfer and process the timesheets from SAP into the format accepted by the financial institutions. As WorkBrain was not used the difficulties with system testing, maintenance, up gradation, conservation of data quality increased. The unavailability of the system led to innumerable problem and hence there were many difficulties were observed. Even after the mistakes in the payments upon Go Live, the systems were not completely abandoned. The issues were attempted to be resolved by the prolonged attention of all the three stakeholder groups. This shows that the acceptance, installation and deployment stage was also a total failure and in a very messy situation. The pressure to Go Live ruled out the possibility of a parallel testing mechanism. Though the defects were initially categorized into four, there was a reclassification of the same due to the changing requirements and not all these defects were fixed before the Go Live decision that created all the havoc. In short it can be said that from the commencement there was poor management, poor handling and lack of proper understanding of the complexities in the IS environment. Recommendations Though time and cost overruns are typical in healthcare type of industry and framework, processing complexities and orientation, still the failure of Queensland Payroll System is arguably the worst example for the same. A specific project methodology is required to be followed. Adequate Governance Structures were not established until June 2009 that led to the vague description of the roles and responsibilities. The proper following of the systems development life cycle will lead practical and fruitful results. The organization needs to clearly articulate its requirements, utilize an appropriate implementation strategy, perform a substantial amount of testing before the decision to Go Live is reached, utilize an appropriate project management methodology and effectively communicate with all the stakeholder groups involved. Communication is a vital area in such cases as the communication between the client, consultant, and vendor is required for project governance (Mehdi, 2006). Lack of proper documentation led to user acceptance issues and functionality issues during the testing phase. The configuration of WorkBrain was not performed at Queensland that led to further complexities (Olsen, 2012). In healthcare industry every patient is unique and unpredictable and for this reason almost 50% of the healthcare organizations have found the installation of IS systems a failure but a majority of such failures can be attributed o the lack of proper management support, poor project management, inefficient communication among the stakeholder groups and technical issues which are poor system testing and lack of proper definition of business requirements (Weistroffer et. al, 2010). At Queensland, not surprisingly all of these factors are found to co-exist. WorkBrain should have been used in Queensland as IBM used it in other agencies and clients. Conclusion Many lessons can be learnt not just with respect to the implementation, testing and Go Live phase of the project but also the importance of communication, planning and parallel testing requirements. A succession planning of the legacy system needs to be in place and the perspective project methodologies have to be followed. Due to the requirements of multiple hierarchy and multiple subprojects, Queensland has had a disastrous payroll implementation project failure (Sheilds, 2005). The key reform areas have been identified and multiple layers to the governance process have been added. Thus apart from the technical and financial defects, this project failure has also has industry and nationwide implications. References Alwan, M. (2016). What is System Development Life Cycle? Accessed September 1, 2016 from https://airbrake.io/blog/insight/what-is-system-development-life-cycle Blumberg, R. Atre. S. (2003). More than Search. DM Review, 13(3), 42-47 Chugh, R Gandhi, S. (2013). Why Business Intelligence? Significance of Business Intelligence tools and integrating BI governance with corporate governance. International Journal of E-Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 4(2), 1-14. Clark, P. (2006). An overview of supermarket grocery loyalty programmes around the world, Accessed September 1, 2016 from https://www.thewisemarketer.com/features/read.asp?id=97 Coker, F. (2014).Pulse: Understanding the Vital Signs of Your Business. Ambient Light Publishing, 4(3), 4142. Golfarelli, M. Rizzi, S. (2009).Data Warehouse Design: Modern Principles and Methodologies.McGraw-Hill Osburn. Kimball, R. (2008).The Data Warehouse Lifecycle Toolkit. Wiley. MacIntyre, B. (2004). Information Technology Challenges Keep Rising. The Business Journal of Portland, 23, 226-245 McKnight, W. (2003). Bringing data mining to the front line. DM Review, 13(1), 50. Mehdi, K.P. (2006). Emerging Trends and Challenges in Information Technology. Management. Idea Group. Olsen, E. (2012). Strategic Planning Kit for Dummies. John Wiley Sons. Peter R, Alaa S, Aladdin A. (2013). Business Intelligence and Performance Management: Theory, Systems, and Industrial Applications, Springer Verlag U.K Rodriguez, C; Daniel, F; Casati, F; Cappiello, C. (2010). Toward Uncertain Business Intelligence: The Case of Key Indicators.IEEE Internet Computing.14(4): 32. Rud, O. (2009).Business Intelligence Success Factors: Tools for Aligning Your Business in the Global Economy. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley Sons. Sheilds, M.G. (2005). E-Business and ERP: Rapid Implementation and Project Planning. John Wiley and Sons. Siraj, S., Mikhailov, L. and Keane, J. A. (2011). Priests: an interactive decision support tool to estimate priorities from pairwise comparison judgments. Research, 12(4), 45-61 Watson, H.J, Wixom, B. H. (2007). The Current State of Business Intelligence. Computer 40(9): 96. Weistroffer, HR, Smith, CH Narula, SC. (2010). Multiple criteria decision support software. Oxford University Press Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15942283599186778681noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3603015416897777886.post-55433789523371168892020-04-05T09:24:00.001-07:002020-04-05T09:24:02.157-07:007 Strategies for Getting a Raise7 Strategies for Getting a Raise No one ever wrote a song about performance review time, calling it the ââ¬Å"most wonderful tiiiiime of the year.â⬠Nobody loves it, except maybe the most devoted members of Human Resources. Itââ¬â¢s extra work for you, your boss, and your company. However, itââ¬â¢s worth it- it not only lets you know how youââ¬â¢re doing, but it also might net you a bonus or raise. The time to start thinking about that raise is not 10 minutes before your self-evaluation is due. Planning ahead can bring great rewards.1. Set goalsà early. REALLY early.If possible, you can even set these goalsà before you have the job. If you spend a lot of time discussing the skill-building and growth you expect to see in your first year in the job, it helps your new employer set a baseline for your performance. Of course, realism is the key here. If you say youââ¬â¢re going to increase revenue by X% and you donââ¬â¢t meet that, youââ¬â¢ve just set yourself up for failure. Instead, set your self up for successâ⬠¦ and future profit.2. Know your goalposts throughout the year.If your boss expects youââ¬â¢ll hit certain milestones or complete particular projects, take extra care with those- theyââ¬â¢ll be the concrete proof of your raise-worthy year. Make sure you keep a paper trail for big projects to help remind you later what you accomplished. If you get glowing reviews from a colleague or a client, save them! You can casually bust those out during a year-end discussion, and use them to how just how valuable you are to the team. If youââ¬â¢re collecting data and keeping track of things all year, you wonââ¬â¢t have to make a rushed pitch at the end of the year and risk forgetting accomplishments or projects that would make an excellent case for a raise.3. Donââ¬â¢t limit yourself to just your responsibilitiesà If your company has committees, join one. If there are employee social events, volunteer to help set up or clean up. If you see a way to provi de excellent service, but it would be a minor inconvenience to you, try to do it anyway. Things like these show that youââ¬â¢re willing to get your hands dirty in support of the company. Youââ¬â¢re a team player who does what needs to be done, and doesnââ¬â¢t just wait around to be told what to do. If you want to look valuable, be valuable. Youââ¬â¢d be surprised at how ââ¬Å"smallâ⬠things add up by the end of the year.4. Donââ¬â¢t lie or bluff about your accomplishments.Your boss will know if you are over-inflating numbers or making it look like you have a skill you donââ¬â¢t quite have. Be positive about your accomplishments and your skills, and talk them up as much as possible- just donââ¬â¢t feel the need to embellish. You donââ¬â¢t want anyone to question your integrity.5. Treat your review like a re-interview.Instead of letting your boss (or whoever is reviewing you) run through a monologue of your year while you sit quietly and sign the forms at the end, try to make sure itââ¬â¢s a dialogue. If she mentions a particular project, make sure the background and context are clear and that the takeaway- your success- is clear.6.à Turn your mistakes into accomplishments.If you didnââ¬â¢t have a perfect year (and who does?) it doesnââ¬â¢t mean youââ¬â¢ll be disqualified from a raise or that you donââ¬â¢t deserve one. Again, this is a chance to play up your strengths. If something didnââ¬â¢t go well and it comes up in your review, make sure you put some spin on it. Talk about what you learned from the process and how youââ¬â¢ve grown/what youââ¬â¢ve done to fix the issue after the fact.7. Donââ¬â¢t plead poverty.A discussion about a raise is a discussion about your work performance. Thatââ¬â¢s it. You may very well need the money, but your employer is not obligated to give raises out of pity or because youââ¬â¢re a nice person. Make sure the focus stays on the reasons Professional You deserves mor e compensation. Once you make it personal, you also give more leverage to your employer. If they know you really, really need more money for Fluffington McWhiskersââ¬â¢ plastic surgery, they can try to lowball you because they know youââ¬â¢ll take less than you might be able to negotiate for yourself as part of a neutral, job-data-only presentation.If you start preparing well before youââ¬â¢re scheduled to meet for a review- or if youââ¬â¢ve picked a time during the rest of the year to make your case for a raise- youââ¬â¢re in a great position. If youââ¬â¢ve built a careful and clear case about why you deserve more, you have also created some built-in confidence. All you need to do is cross the finish line, hopefully a little richer than you were before. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15942283599186778681noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3603015416897777886.post-65662636952742700802020-03-08T18:21:00.001-07:002020-03-08T18:21:02.460-07:00Naval Commander Donald DuBrulAt 7:50 a.m., Naval Commander Donald DuBrul was about to complete his 4 a.m. to 8 a.m. watch on board the USS Argon. The ship was stationed in the Navy Yard towards the entrance to Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. He began wondering if the next man would show up for his shift. In the distance, a band onboard the USS Nevada could be heard playing the Star-spangled Banner for the flag-raising ceremony that was about to commence. The singleman paced waiting for his chance to have his watch end when he turned east to look out over the harbor. Directly east, Ford Island could be seen with its battleship yard full and past that, the ammo dump and tank farm. Over the music being played on the Nevada, a plains whine could be heard. Commander DuBrul looked up just in time to see an explosion on Ford Island. His immediate thought was that some American pilot was about to be court marshaled; until another plane flew in and unloaded its cargo. The first wave of Japanese torpedo planes ! came into full view as they passed through the clouds aiming for the battleship yard. The time was 7:53 a.m. The seaman stood in astonishment as flames lept from the ships. He was awakened by a voice over the loud speaker yelling, Air Raid Pearl Harbor! This is no drill! The air was filled with the whine of dive bombers and the sounds of antiaircraft guns beginning to start their counterattacks. One of the more prized battleships, the Arizona, took a torpedo right down its exhaust stack where it blew up. Seamen dove off ships trying to swim to safety, only to be burned by waves of fire in the harbor that contained burning oil. Onboard the Nevada, the band kept playing as the ship prepared to escape the harbor. In fear of blocking the exit, it turned and beached itself. At about 9 a.m., after two waves of Japanese dive bombers took their toll on the once great US Navy, the chaos had finally ended (DuBrul). A date which will ... Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15942283599186778681noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3603015416897777886.post-38404647561519112612020-02-21T08:47:00.001-08:002020-02-21T08:47:02.064-08:00Financial Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 wordsFinancial Resource Management - Essay Example With the help of trade goods are made available to consumers at the time of their need. It removes the hindrance of persons by bringing together producers and consumers who are widely scattered. Financing is of two types, equity financing and debt financing. When you are in need of money or looking for capital, company's debt-to-equity-ratio should be considered. It is the relations between the Dollars or Euros that an entrepreneur has borrowed and Dollars or Euros invested in the business. The more the investment by the owners the more they attract the financing. When the equity to debt ratio of the firm is high then debt financing should be taken. If the proportion of the debt to equity ratio of the firm is high then it is advised that the owners should increase their equity investment, that way they cannot jeopardize firm's survival. Limited equity financing is used by most of the small or growth stage businesses. Whereas in debt financing, funds pour in from different quarters like from friends, relatives, etc. Venture capitalists are the most common source of equity funding. Venture capitalists may be institutional risk takers, financial institutions, wealthy persons, etc. and most of them specialize in industries. Venture capitalists are risk takers and show interest only in three to five year old companies that result in more than average profits. These venture capitalists are called as investment gurus whose interest lies in those companies that have major regional and national concerns. Debt Financing Commercial finance companies, financial institutions, banks, savings and loans, Lloyds Bank small business, etc. are some of the sources for debt financing. Because of their positive impact on the whole economy local and state government encourage the growth of the small companies. In debt financing additional funds comes from friends, family, relatives, and industry colleagues, etc when capital investment is smaller. Generally banks formed as a major source for loans for the establishment of small businesses. Banks don't offer long term loans to small firms instead they grant short term loans for machinery and Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15942283599186778681noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3603015416897777886.post-61491608162870406012020-02-05T06:43:00.001-08:002020-02-05T06:43:03.412-08:00Sustainable Tourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 wordsSustainable Tourism - Essay Example Now, the question arises what is the tourism prospective of Olympic Games. It is known that a sport is an essential tourist phenomenon that offers people with thrilling and motivating sightseer experiences. Olympic is a worldââ¬â¢s leading sporting occasion that provides tourists with diverse lively, reflexive and vividly experienced activities. Thus, Olympics provide an extensive range of greatly considerable tourism benefits (Weed, 2007). In early 1990s, tourism scholars and professionals began to contemplate the associations of sustainable development for their own enterprise. Since the Earth Summit, the idea of sustainable development has sought attention from both tourism philosophers and professionals. Its basic hypothesis has acquired worldwide approval as an adorable outcome of tourism development. This has been mirrored in the conception of sustainable tourism advancement plans, policy declarations and guidelines. The World Tourism Organization (WTO) supported the sustainable advancement to tourism, and commenced to apply sustainable advancement ethics in all of its tourism outlining and development. The United Nations and its organizations have also consigned the significance of tourism and sustainable development on several occasions. The General Assembly observed the significance of tourism and appealed for the development of a business plan particularly for tourism development in the year 1997 (Berno and B ricker, 2001). This study aims to discuss the degree of sustainability of the Beijing Olympic Games 2008. This study also examines the actions taken by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and Chinese Government and their subsequent impacts. This research tries to establish how far Beijing have been able to achieve sustainability in tourism. Several stakeholders had a curiosity in contributing to the development and arrangement of the Beijing Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15942283599186778681noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3603015416897777886.post-48956783800321289232020-01-28T03:07:00.001-08:002020-01-28T03:07:06.130-08:00The Global Fast Food Industry Marketing EssayThe Global Fast Food Industry Marketing Essay McDonalds Incorporated recognized as a premier franchising business around the world, leading global food service retailer having over estimately about 32,000 local restaurants which serve its favourite foods The World Famous -: Fries, Big Mac, Quarter Pounder, Chicken McNuggets and Egg McMuffin to more than Sixty four (64) million people in 117 countries each day. Primarily , McDonalds , french fries, breakfast items, sells hamburgers, nuggets cheeseburgers, chicken ,ice -cream soft drinks, milkshakes and desserts. In response to changing consumer tastes, the company has expanded its menu to include salads, sundae , fish, wraps, and smoothies . McDonalds has made convenience a key factor in its success as below :- Convenience Restaurant locations are so prevalent in suburban towns and cities that you are never more then a few minutes away by car or by foot. McDonalds restaurants located inside for customer availability Shopping centers and strip malls generally have a McDonalds included or within walking distance ,willingness to innovate, even while striving to achieve consistency in the operation of its many outlets and also McDonalds to operate 24-hour drive-thru https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSaDWH9X4IAsCkYCWZgWNc_q4LxAEkVxQlEBJMHhRmORRuzjvBRZA https://encrypted-tbn1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcScMysGdHJbfJD_0k8b95FTtL_PYzGxvfNnh950cxLGQc4xZwby7g Affordability McDonalds considered as Fast food, fast-moving life Fast food has its own place in todays fast-paced life as time is limited. A recent report reveals that up to 70% of the respondents surveyed eat out every day, and among them, 77% head for fast food restaurants between one and three times a week mostly for lunch. The worlds largest restaurant chain posted 10 percent growth in its third-quarter profit that topped market estimates, McDonalds has economic downturns because of the affordability of its menu give customers the option to eat a full meal at a small cost Because of the fast-food restaurants ability to appeal to low-income and middle class families, the company continues to see profit gain. https://encrypted-tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSq5soyD0JnZJWlswY1-RPEVWxZlIsip8aezyhd-2JoriH0oX7hhttps://encrypted-tbn1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcT6x5kVSJXctzLYo3ymxeo2hTCGcKkhkbsbst3J2PLvV86C2_HgeA https://encrypted-tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSU9kbCjmlumQPiVI7YFqaps5W-Stg9zsLGJVyo17tcZOK1dAFetA Nutrition McDonalds also pledged to provide customer-friendly nutrition information on menu items. Customers have access to the caloric and fat content to make better choices. This acknowledgement of customer health has helped keep McDonalds successful. On the organizations website, McDonalds states that part of its success is due to its commitment to the well-being of customers. McDonalds established a global advisory council to provide expert guidance on nutrition and well-being. To satisfy health-conscious customers, the fast-food company began to include high-quality choices on the menu. Customers are able to choose from hamburgers or salads as their main entrà ©e. Apples may also take the place of French fries in childrens Happy Meals. French fries are considered to be one of the most sellable items. The very main reason for this is that no matter what other product the consumer is still willing to buy, but in every set French fries are included automatically https://encrypted-tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcREJNJ9dZIHZuem2xdZmHZnlEy28McSgaiYZROEwfXui7YunpWUjwhttps://encrypted-tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQmfq5H6VzUZLw9DPxQ_StveJlWCVxU1QprfH_5zfIp77uFNmBk The global fast-food industry is dynamic with variety of competitors. This report identify the current factors influencing the industry specifically focusing on McDonalds Corporation, which considered as the current global leader. Based on the analysis, the report identify several areas for improvement and makes strategic recommendations for McDonalds to enhance its position. . McDonald s corporations revenues come from the rent, royalties and fees paid by the franchisees, as well as sales in company-operated restaurants Proactive strategies, interesting promotions and a constant update of menus while retaining the best-selling signature items will boost the frequency of customers visits. McDonalds, for example, has chalked up impressive sales by offering seasonally-based toys with its Happy Meals. It also scored points as a frontrunner in offering free internet connectivity at its outlets when WiFi was not freely available at many public places. A McDonalds restaurant is operated by either a franchisee, an affiliate, or the corporation itself As a result, taglines such as Subways Eat fresh, McDonalds Im lOving it! and the oft-repeated story of Colonel Sanders secret recipe in Kentucky Fried Chicken can influence dining decisions https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSxCB6gIIu_lggbJZTL9_HKwadqOb6DzIEmi0uw8pjdus9Q3tLUqA The earlier stages of McDonalds attracted more families than it did other categories, nowadays, McDonalds has made it clear that it positions itself to target and cater people of all backgrounds. Suitable for people of various needs and wants; from families to young children, to people who love to enjoy life to people who are on the go, and meat lovers to vegetarians, virtually anybody and everybody can find something on the menu for themselves. https://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQRZib45RcWFIr_BAO1s3J7mkUlJLfDrpYyCokKM_9BfT14jNJQNg https://encrypted-tbn1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQD0Du3jvRQNteJNUTBOXDufWNtPkgI10_GndFYvVPqgtXgtEkYlQ . Other products such as salads are relatively new in this restaurant. The first salads were added to its menu in 1985. Nowadays more and more people are concerned about their health so, McDonalds puts its all efforts to achieve more and not lose any of the potential customers. The biggest soft drink supplier is the Coca-Cola Company. Hot and iced tea is delivered by SD Coffee in the US), hot chocolate, various juice and other regional beverages such as milkshakes are available in various markets all around the globe. Desserts are considered to be the last big group of products in McDonalds restaurants. It includes such items as ice-cream (McFlurry), McDonaldland cookies, Freshly Baked cookies, Pies, Cinnamon melts, the fruit and yougurt parfait, smoothies and other items which depending on the region and country. McDonalds Business Strategy McDonalds has pursued 2 strategies since 2003. To be in the run with the fast changing customer preferences, demographics and spending patterns, McDonalds has introduced novel items in their menu including angus beef burger and premium chicken sandwiches and does campaigns to create more healthy foods including salads on the side. This strategy basically reflects the beliefs that innovation as opposed to reliability to traditional products is the key determinant towards success in the fast food industry. They have also focused more on increasing their sales at their current restaurants instead of opening new ones. To do so, McDonalds has redesigned many of their restaurants, kept their stores open till late and increased menu options. Nonetheless, new restaurants are still getting opened around the world at a rapid pace the company plans to open nearly 1,000 units in 2010, and continues to produce its new restaurants at a 1%-2% rate each year. Size Matters Size of McDonalds has three main advantages: * McDonalds has a strategy of uniform menu offerings that can be accumulation produced, lowering production costs. * Bargaining power with their suppliers reduces input costs with improved margins. * Large advertising costs mean lots of exposure towards domestic and international market. Mission. Vision. Values McDonalds brand mission statement is to Be our customers favorite place and way to eat .McDonalds are committed to improving operations and enhancing customers experience. .. world-wide operations have been aligned around a global strategy called the Plan to win cantering on the five basics of an exceptional customer experience such as :- Place, Promotion, People Products and Price Providing the excellent service to all customers and achieve the growth with a profit through strengths as McDonalds system innovation and technology This mission includes becoming of the best employer for people in each local community independently in location. The Mission: Be the best employer for our people in each community around the world Deliver operational excellence to our customers in each of our restaurants; Achieve enduring profitable growth by expanding the brand and also leveraging The vision of McDonalds is to be the best quick service restaurant in the whole world . McDonalds company states that their values in practice are the corporate responsibility of the company. . It refers to outstanding Quality, Cleanliness, High Quality Service and High Value Food in order to make every customer satisfied and made sure customer smile. McDonalds values is customer satisfaction which is very important . McDonalds show the appreciation by serving a high quality food and superior service. It is said. Their strong values helped them to become who they are and that the reason for McDonalds existence are customers. The work together with suppliers and independent franchisees to achieve a sustainable future not only for the company but for the communities in which they operate as well . They also strive to achieve a welcoming environment by greeting all customers nicely and perfectly . They are individually accountable and collectively responsible. They are achieving some goals and most importantly open lines of communication is the main value between customer and also to the other stakeholders. Another value is to be committed to people who are working to them. They do believe that working in a well-trained team with intercultural experiences and backgrounds are the core of success. The other value is that they believe in the McDonalds System. . McDonalds obliged to grow business profitably as long as it is publicly traded company. This requires not only focus on gaining more money but also on customers and the health of the whole system. Ethic in business is also one of the important values . The changing environment, customer, employee and systems need lead to the McDonalds evolution and innovation as well. PESTLE Analysis is an analytical tool for strategic business planning. PESTLE is a strategic framework for understanding external influences on a business. There are many macro-environment factors that effect strategic planning such as: New laws, tax changes, trade barriers, demographic change. Macro-environment factors includes all the factors that influence an organization, but are out of its direct control. Macro-environment factors tend to have a very long term impact. By understanding these external environments, organizations can maximize the opportunities and minimize the threats to the organization PESTLE stands for Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal and Environmental and is used for business and strategic planning, marketing planning, organizational change, business and product development and research reports. . PESTLE analysis answers 6 key questions: Political What are the political factors that are likely to affect the business? Economic What are the economic factors that will affect the business? Sociological What cultural aspects likely to affect the business? Technological What technological changes that may affect the business? Legal What current and impending legislation that will affect the business? Environmental- What are the environmental considerations that may affect the business? Political Factors Political factors relates to the pressures and opportunities brought by political institutions and to what degree the government policies impact the business. Government policies Government term and change Trading policies Funding, grants and initiatives Lobbying and pressure groups Wars, terrorism and conflicts Elections and political trends Internal political issues Inter-country relationships Local commissioning processes Corruption Bureaucracy Political Global fast-food firms must comply with country-specific political requirements, such as national minimum wage regulations, affecting costs. Hygiene and quality regulations vary significantly between nations and may influence the quality of products provided by fast-food outlets . Different countries set varying regulations regarding labelling and packaging. Economic Factors Economic factors relates to economic policies, economic structures and to what degree the economy impacts the business. Local economy Taxation Inflation Interest Economy trends Seasonality issues Industry growth Import/export ratios International trade International exchange rates Economic Despite the 2008 recession and the resulting decrease in consumer confidence across the globe, average consumer fast-food spending has increased its due to convenience and low-cost. Consumers are still looking for the convenience of eating out, but are drawn to the low prices of fast-food over table-service restaurants (Financial Times, 2009). Many fast-food chains have capitalised upon the recession by introducing new deals in addition to their already low-priced menus. Social Factors Social factors relates to the cultural aspects, attitudes, beliefs, that will affect the demand for a companys products and how the business operates. Demographics Media views of the industry Work ethic Brand, company, technology image Lifestyle trends Cultural Taboos Consumer attitudes and opinions Consumer buying patterns Ethical issues Consumer role models Major events and influences Buying access and trends Advertising and publicity Increasing consumer awareness about healthy lifestyles has pressured many fast-food players to offer healthier selections within their menus (BBC, 2011). This includes offering low-calorie options and salads alongside burgers, and prominently displaying nutritional content. The fast-food industry has also been heavily criticised for targeting young children by including toys within childrens meals Technological Factors Technological factors relates to the technological aspects, innovations, barriers and incentives, and to what degree these impact the business. Emerging technologies Maturity of technology Technology legislation Research and Innovation Information and communications Competitor technology development Intellectual property issues As consumer familiarity with new technology increases, fast-food firms are using channels such as social media websites to engage with their customers. For example, McDonalds is the 9th most liked brand on Facebook . Additionally, digital displays allow outlets to change their menus efficiently, to suit the time of day and self-service ordering points have increased service speed and reduced labour costs. Legal Factors Legal factors relates to the laws, regulation and legislation that will affect the way the business operates. Current legislation Future legislation International legislation Regulatory bodies and processes Employment law Consumer protection Health and safety regulations Money laundering regulations Tax regulations Competitive regulations Industry-specific regulations Global operators must comply with country-specific regulations and legislation. This includes opening hours, taxation and employment regulations such as the National Minimum Wage Regulations in year of 1999 in the UK. Firms are often required to meet national food standards such as the requirements set out by the US Food and Drug Administration (as known as FDA). Furthermore, authorities are becoming increasingly worried about childhood obesity associated with the industry and have tightened regulations regarding targeting children Environmental Factors Environmental factors relates to the ecological and environmental aspects that will affect the demand for a companys products and how that business operates. Environmental regulations Ecological regulations Reduction of carbon footprint Sustainability Impact of adverse weather Environmental lobbyists and governments are pressuring the fast-food firms to become more green. Rainforests are being destroyed to increase the area of land for beef production to meet the demand for beef-burgers . Recycling is a prominent global issue and in response, McDonalds adopted recyclable packaging. Increased environmental awareness among consumers provides firms with a significant opportunity to position themselves as green to garner customer loyalty Strengths of McDonalds Identification of strengths weaknesses McDonalds provides the best employees-business relationship such as providing an equal opportunity employer. As an equal opportunity employer McDonalds ensures that employees and job applicants are selected, trained, its promoted without discrimination to race, gender, sexual orientation, age or disability. McDonalds brand strengths keep customer come back again For quick-service restaurant patrons the most important factors that drive loyalty to a brand are good value and convenience, with low prices and quick-service being very important as well McDonalds has a clear image lead on all of these factors, with Subway consistently being the 2nd-best performing brand and Burger King and Wendys also performing well The resource strength, behavior, weakness, synergy and distinctive competences are major components of the internal environment of an organization. . McDonalds high repeat-purchase intention scores despite their lower satisfaction scores illustrates the strength of their brand on the attributes that matter most to quick-service customers. Taking into consideration that McDonalds is a global company, working its capital in many countries worldwide and known for almost all people in the world, we can point out such strengths of this franchise:It is all about how the company manages to use its resources and put into what outcome it brings. McDonalds is the market leader in both the domestic and international markets The size of McDonalds, as it was mentioned before, its enormous and it has an advantage of economies of scale, which is very crucial for every business. McDonalds is a strong competitor for all sit-down restaurants because of its size, worldwide extent and famousness. Smaller brands need to find ways to differentiate among themselves to gain share of wallet in this ultra-competitive segment. Diversifying business worldwide in various countries let to reduce or at least to verify the risk of business and find best advantages of different countries economies. McDonalds also takes an advantage of a long-term economic growth as an international company. It is also known that McDonalds has a strong real estate portfolio, which is also considered as strength of a company. The companys outlets are located in areas that are highly known for visibility, traffic volume and ease of access. It can adapt to the needs of the societies and undergo an innovative product line. McDonalds promotes and sustains a working environment, which is free from unlawful discrimination, harassment and bullying The brand of McDonalds is easy recognised among competitors and is very strong. Through aggressive market planning, MacDonalds has been able to recapture its youth market once again. Viewing the strengths of McDonalds form consumer eyes, the strengths can be more focused on brand, famousness, quick supply of a food, good taste of food, which often lead even to an addiction of McDonalds foods, also mostly well perceived personnel polite and performing their job well. Weaknesses of McDonalds Weaknesses: Saturated Nature of Business: The company has a presence in nearly every nook and cranny the world has to offer, so there is not much more room to run McDonalds has a very huge extent in the world, has a strong strategy, feels comfortable in a market and well known brand , however, as all business it faces some difficulties or some threats and as all business has some internal weaknesses but can be identified only by professional economists, which actually cannot be always visual by individual eyes, The summary of McDonalds weaknesses might be: Looming market saturation which it can lead to difficulties in advertising new products. Recent Disappointment: Recently the company has reported declining revenues and a great strain on their same-store growth rate; however in the long-term view of things these short- term issues should not prove significant McDonalds also a low innovative company Fast growing and competitive market. That makes company to face income problems Income problems and huge competition do not let the range of production rise into value ones but makes to diversify a range of cheap and quickly made ones. Nevertheless, fast food industry is not a respected industry in most of nowadays point of view because of rising number of various diseases caused by fast, unhealthy food. Moreover, McDonalds food might seem more unhealthy and fatty food, rather then delicious. And there the price seemed as low doesnt help in case of quality of food Low Barrier to Entry: All a person has to possess to compete with McDonalds is food, and it is an under-exaggeration to say that there is fierce completion in the industry McDonalds operates in In more simple view the McDonalds might have weaknesses because of huge competition in fast food industry. Vulnerability to Rising Input Costs: The historic drought this year has already caused food prices to soar, and this will cause McDonalds to face a situation in which they raise prices for their customers or allow their margins to be squeezed, a lose-lose situation Charity McDonald House charity offers thousands of sick children in estimate about 48 countries hope and it inspires courage. They say laughter is the best medicine and nothing makes people smile more than a Happy Meal. world-policy-hero At McDonalds we recognize our responsibilities to protect and preserve the environment for future generations to come Internal and External environment analysis for Mcdonalds This McDonald business is ranked as number 1 in the Fortune Magazines 2008 list of most admired food service companies. McDonalds has been a thriving business since year 1955 and 20 of the top 50 corporate staff employees started as a restaurant level employee. Fortune Magazine 2005 listed McDonalds as the Best Place to Work for Minorities. They have an efficient, assembly line style of food preparation. In addition they have a systemization and duplication of all their food prep processes in every restaurant. McDonalds is a community oriented, socially responsible company. They run McDonald House facilities, which provide room and food ,board and sibling support at a cost of only $10 a day for families with children needing extensive hospital care. McDonald Houses are located in more than 259 local communities worldwide, and McDonald Care Mobile programs offers cost effective medical, dental and education services to children. They also sponsor Olympic athletes. They successfully and easily adapt their global restaurants to appeal to the cultural differences. Example, they serve lamb burgers in India they provide separate entrances for families and single women. McDonalds uses only 100% pure USDA inspected beef, no fillers or additives. Additionally the produce is farm fresh. McDonalds serves 100% farm raised chicken no fillers or additives and only grade-A eggs. McDonalds foods are purchased from only certified and inspected suppliers. McDonalds works closely with ranchers, growers and suppliers to ensure food quality and freshness. McDonalds only serves name brand processed items such as Dannon Yogurt, Kraft Cheese, Nestle Chocolate, Dasani Water, Newmans Own Salad Dressings, Heinz Ketchup, Minute Maid Juice. McDonalds takes food safety very seriously. More than 2000 inspections checks are performed at every stage of the food process. McDonalds are required to run through 72 safety protocols every day to ensure the food is maintained in a clean contaminate free environment. McDonalds was the first restaurant of its type to provide consumers with nutrition information. Nutrition information is printed on all packaging and more recently added to the McDonalds Internet site. McDonalds offers salads, fruit, roasted chicken, bottled water and other low fat and calorie conscious alternatives. It has branded menu items e.g. Big Mac, Chicken McNuggets, which further promote McDonalds. McDonalds Egypt: Has the second largest market share in Egypt with branches exceeding 60. Fastest delivery service provided in Egypt. Nutrition information is printed on all packaging Safety protocols and quality assurance to serve best quality food. More than 92% of suppliers are Egyptian (Halal) Efficient assembly line to serve food as fast as possible with maintaining high quality. McDonalds is the first restaurant in Egypt to provide drive through in 7 branches. Has a joint venture with shell petroleum. Sponsors many events and football teams. Cares about the environment by recycling the oil used in cooking for delivery motorcycles. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15942283599186778681noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3603015416897777886.post-13525905123996654462020-01-19T23:31:00.001-08:002020-01-19T23:31:03.907-08:00Essay --Over the years, substantial studies have been carried out to study the relationships between various personal characteristics and organizational commitment. In the meta analysis of the antecedents of OC, Mathieu and Zajac (1990) and Meyer et al. (2002) suggested that demographic variables play a relatively low relationship with organizational commitment. Meyer and Allen (1997) denoted that the personal characteristics, which can be measured by the demographic variables and the dispositional variables has little influence with affective commitment. Personal characteristics such as age, gender, and education levels will be reviewed in this section. Age correlates positively but weakly with all three components of organizational commitment (Meyer & Allen, 1984; Mathieu & Zajac, 1990; Mohammed & Eleswed, 2013). Age is significantly more related to attitudinal (affective commitment) (Mathieu & Zajac, 1990). Meyer and Allen (1984) explained that there are several reasons why older workers are more attitudinally committed to an organization, such as greater job satisfaction and having recei... Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15942283599186778681noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3603015416897777886.post-63614987504972385812020-01-11T19:52:00.001-08:002020-01-11T19:52:03.913-08:00New Drug Epidemic on College CampusEnglish 162 October 4,2012 New Drug Epidemic on College Campuses Prescription drug abuse among college students is a growing trend on most campuses. Students are using these drugs inappropriately to not only ââ¬Å"get highâ⬠, but to help with concentration when cramming for papers or tests, to self-medicate for anxiety or depression, and even to enhance their stamina when playing sports. Many people have stereotypes of what an alcoholic or addict is, and most people don't associate that image with young students.Although drug education has been mandatory in the US throughout grade school drug use continues to rise in college students. College is known as a time for experimentation, but for some students experimentation can turn into addiction. Being young and in college doesn't protect you from addiction. Responsible behavior does. Alcohol and drug use among students is a serious problem. Campus environments are often seen as encouraging not only use but abuse. Binge-drinking ( drinking to get drunk, usually considered at least four drinks on any occasion) is one form of substance abuse that is very common among students.Alcohol and drugs pose special problems for students. The average student who has one drink a day earns a GPA at only a C-level, and grades plummet with higher consumption. Women need to drink only half what male students do to cause the same effect on their grades. Almost half of academic problems come from abusing alcohol. It's also a factor in about a third of drop-outs. In an environment where binge-drinking is common, so are substance-related legal offences and injuries. Illegal drugs, underage possession of alcohol and drunk driving can costs fines and jail time.Fights, sexual assault, and injuries are more likely to happen when one has been drinking or doing drugs. Half of campus injuries are alcohol-related. One third of people who die in drunken driving crashes are under 25 years old. It's the leading cause of death for young peop le. In 2010, an estimated 22. 6 million Americans aged 12 or olderââ¬âor 8. 9 percent of the populationââ¬âhad used an illicit drug or abused a psychotherapeutic medication (such as a pain reliever, stimulant, or tranquilizer). This is up from 8. 3 percent in 2002.The increase mostly reflects a recent rise in the use of marijuana, the most commonly used illicit drug. [www. oasamhas. gov/] Prescription drug abuse is when someone takes a medication that was prescribed for someone else or takes their own prescription in a manner or dosage other than what was prescribed. There's a reason that prescription drugs are intended to be taken under the direction of a doctor: if used improperly they can be dangerous. Teens are making the decision to abuse prescription medicines based on misinformation.In fact, many people think that abusing prescription drugs is safer than abusing illicit drugs. Some people take other people's drugs for their intended purposes (to relieve pain, to stay awake, or to fall asleep). Others take them to get high, often at larger doses than prescribed, or by a different route of administration. Most prescription drugs come in pill or capsule form. Sometimes, people who abuse prescription drugs break or crush the pill or capsule, then swallow the drug, sniff it, or ââ¬Å"cookâ⬠itââ¬âturn it to liquidââ¬âand then inject it.Whatââ¬â¢s wrong with Abusing Prescription Drugs? Taking a drug for another purpose than prescribed. As the facts will tell you, prescription drugs can have dangerous short- and long-term health consequences when used incorrectly or by someone other than for whom they were intended. All of the drug types soon mentioned can produce pleasurable effects at sufficient quantities, so taking them for the purpose of getting high is one of the main reasons people abuse them. ADHD drugs like Adderall are also often abused by students for their effects in promoting alertness and concentration.When abused, prescr iption drugs may be taken in inappropriate doses or by routes of administration that change the way the drugs act in the body, risking overdose. For example, when people who abuse oxycodone (OxyContin) they crush and inhale the pills, a 12-hour dose hits their central nervous system all at onceââ¬âwhich increases their risk of addiction and overdose. Almost every medication presents some risk of undesirable side effects, sometimes even serious ones. Doctors consider the potential benefits and risks to each patient before prescribing medications.They understand that drugs affect the body in many ways and take into account things like the drugââ¬â¢s form and dose, its possible side effects, and the potential for addiction or withdrawal. For example, doctors know how to change the dose of a painkiller to prevent withdrawal symptoms. People who abuse drugs might not understand how these factors may affect them or that prescription drugs do more than cause a high, help them stay a wake, help them relax, or relieve pain. Abuse can include taking a friend's or relative's prescription to get high, to treat pain, or because you think it will help with studying.The classes of prescription drugs most commonly abused are: opioid pain relievers, such as Vicodin or Oxycontin; stimulants for treating Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), such as Adderall, Concerta, or Ritalin; and central nervous system (CNS) depressants for relieving anxiety, such as Valium or Xanax. The most commonly abused OTC drugs are cough and cold remedies containing dextromethorphan. It is sometimes abused to get high, which requires large doses (more than what is on the package instructions) that can be dangerous.Prescription drugs have chemical names, brand names you may have heard before, and street names. Hillbilly heroin, oxy, OC, oxycotin, percs, happy pills, vikes are for Opaids. Depressants can be called Barbs, reds, red birds, phennies, tooies, yellows, yellow jackets, candy , downers, sleeping pills, tranks and stimulants Skippy, the smart drug, Vitamin R, bennies, black beauties, roses, hearts, speed, uppers. When abused, prescription drugs may be taken in inappropriate doses or by routes of administration that change the way the drugs act in the body, risking overdose.Rehab clinics have seen the sharp increased in the number of college students entering for treatment in the past 10 years. In correspondence to the increasing abuse of prescription opiates, abuse of heroin is also increasing among people age 18-25. For many prescription opiates are a stepping stone to heroin, which provides a greater high for a cheaper price. There continues to be a large ââ¬Å"treatment gapâ⬠in this country. In 2010, an estimated 23. 1 million Americans (9. 1 percent) needed treatment for a problem related to drugs or alcohol, but only about 2. million people (1 percent) received treatment What can you do to help someone you suspect is abusing prescription drugs ? Abusing prescription drugs is a dangerous thing. If you suspect someone that you love of abusing these drugs then it may be time to get some information. If you are the parent then talk to their doctor about the prescription and what the dosage was. Explain that you feel that they may be abusing these pills. Make an appointment and ask their doctor to talk to them. People donââ¬â¢t necessarily aim to become addicted to these pills but it happens too often. That is why these pills can only be obtained by a doctor.If you suspect a friend of abusing prescription drugs, calmly sit down and talk to them. Never accuse someone of being addicted by doing so they may become defensive and not only will you not get any answers but you could end up alienating them as well. Talk to a school guidance counselor or parents if you suspect that a friend is abusing prescription drugs. The goal is to get them help and not lose the friendship. They will need you and they need your friendship. Tell them about the other health risks that could happen and that you will be there for them and that you will get through it together.Support is a great thing to have. When someone has a drug problem, itââ¬â¢s not always easy to know what to do. If you are concerned about someoneââ¬â¢s drug use (illicit or prescription), encourage him or her to talk to a parent, school guidance counselor, or other trusted adult. There are also anonymous resources, such as the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline (1-800-273-TALK) and the Treatment Referral Helpline (1-800-662-HELP). The National Suicide Prevention Lifeline (1-800-273-TALK) is a crisis hotline that can help with many problems, not just suicide. This includes problems due to drug use.Family and friends who are concerned about a loved one or anyone interested in mental health treatment referrals can call this Lifeline. In addition, the Treatment Referral Helpline (1-800-662-HELP)ââ¬âoffered by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administrationââ¬ârefers callers to treatment facilities, support groups, and other local organizations that can provide help for their specific needs. You can also locate treatment centers in your state by going to. A person who takes drugs whether prescription or not above and beyond the prescribed amount is a person who abuses prescription drugs.Statistics say that there is an estimated 36 million people in the United States alone between the ages of 12 years old and older have abused prescription drugs at least one time in their lives. The most common prescription drugs often abused are Xanax, Valium, Ritalin, OxyCotin and Vicodin. These prescriptions start out being given by a doctor for an injury or treatment. Drug use, also involving marijuana and alcohol is common among college students across the nation. Students can usually articulate why they have chosen to use drugs, but they all fail to consider the long-term consequences of recreational drug use.These lon g-term effects include committing crimes, academic failure, medical problems and social problems. English 162 Oct 3, 2012 National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University. Wasting the Best and the Brightest: Substance Abuse at American Colleges and Universities (New York: 2007). National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University. Youââ¬â¢ve Got Drugs: IV: Prescription Drug Pushers on the Internet (New York, 2007). Teens and Prescription Drugs: An Analysis of Recent Trends on the Emerging Drug Threat (Washington, D.C. : Office of National Drug Control Policy, 2007). Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Results from the 2006 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings (Office of Applied Studies, NSDUH Series H-32, DHHS Publication No. SMA 07-4293). Rockville, MD, 2007. Drugs, Brains, and Behavior: The Science of Addiction (Reprinted 2008). This publication provides an overview of the science behind the disease of addiction. Publication #NIH 08-5605. Available online at www. drugabuse. gov/scienceofaddiction. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15942283599186778681noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3603015416897777886.post-1424034632083305692020-01-03T16:16:00.001-08:002020-01-03T16:16:03.815-08:00Positive Degree of Adjectives and Adverbs in English In Englishà grammar, the positive degree is the basic, uncompared form of an adjective or adverb, as opposed to either the comparative or superlative. Also called the base formà or the absolute degree. The concept of positive degree in the English language is one of the simplest to grasp. à For example, in the phrase the big prize, the adjective big is in the positive degree (the form that appears in a dictionary). The comparative form of big is bigger; the superlative form is biggest. C. Edward Good notes that the raw adjective--in its positive state--merely describes the noun modified; it doesnt care about how this particular person or thing stacks up against other members of the same noun class (Whose Grammar Book Is This Anyway? 2002) Etymology From the Latin, to place Examples and Observations Yertle the turtle was king of the pond.A nice little pond. It was clean. It was neat.The water was warm. There was plenty to eat.(Dr. Seuss,à Yertle the Turtle. Random House, 1958)There were three nice, fat little pigs.à The first wasà small, the second was smaller, and the third was the smallest of all.(Howard Pyle, The Three Little Pigs and the Ogre. The Wonder Clock, 1988)It was a large heart with lots of hearts growing smaller inside, and piercing from the outside rim to the smallest heart was an arrow.(Maya Angelou,à I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. Random House, 1969)Fewà things are harder to put up with than the annoyance of aà goodà example.(Mark Twain,à Puddnhead Wilson, 1894)The tone of the trombone is allied in quality to that of the French horn. It also possesses a noble andà majestic sound, one that is even larger and rounder than the horns tone.(Aaron Copland,à What to Listen For in Music, 1939)Humanity has advanced, when it has advanced, not because it has beenà sober, responsible, andà cautious, but because it has beenà playful, rebellious, andà immature.(Tom Robbins, Still Life with Woodpecker. Random House, 1980)Marys parentsà traveled farà to trade and to search for food.(Shannon Lowry, Natives of the Far North. Stackpole, 1994)The inspirational value of the space program is probably of far greater importance to education than any input of dollars.(Arthur C. Clarke,à Profiles of the Future: An Inquiry into the Limits of the Possible,1962) Three Degrees to Consider à Adjectives change form to show degree of comparison. There areà three degrees of comparison: positive, comparative, and superlative. . . .Theà positive degreeà describes one item or one group of items. The positive form is the form used in dictionary definitions. (A.C. Krizan et al., Business Communication, 8th ed. South-Western, Cengage, 2011)Adjectives change form or add more or most to show comparison. Almost all one-syllable adjectivesââ¬âas well as many of two syllablesââ¬âadd er to their positive (noncomparative) form to show comparison with one thing; this form is called the comparative form. To showà comparisonà with two or more things, these adjectives add est; this is called the superlative form. Some two-syllable adjectives and almost all adjectives with three or more syllables show comparison with one item by placing the word more before the adjective; they show comparison with two or more items by placing the word most before the adjective.(Peder Jo nes and Jay Farness, College Writing Skills, 5th ed. Collegiate Press, 2002) Pronunciation: POZ-i-tiv Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15942283599186778681noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3603015416897777886.post-63961204560011806922019-12-26T12:43:00.001-08:002019-12-26T12:43:03.993-08:00Health diseases have become a rapidly growing epidemic in... Health diseases have become a rapidly growing epidemic in todayââ¬â¢s society. Most people have begun to live a healthier life and avoid eating foods that are ââ¬Å"badâ⬠for them. Others are still naà ¯ve to the health risks fast food causes. But exactly what caused these diseases to become an epidemic? Weight problems have been on the rise since the early 1900ââ¬â¢s. Today, Americans are fatter than medical science says we should be, and weights are still increasing. While many other countries have experienced increases in obesity, no other developed country is quite as big as the United States. In the mid-1900ââ¬â¢s, most of the food preparation was done by families who cooked their own meals. Now there is a mass production of food preparations soâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦High fructose corn syrup, HFCS, was first developed in the 1970ââ¬â¢s. HFCS mixtures were tested on rats and the livers of the surviving rats looked like the livers of alcoholics, full o f fat and scar tissue. Most of us consume more HFCS than regular sugar and we eat it all the time but do not realize it. So why does the food industry use so much HFCS? It is cheaper to make and ship around than regular sugar and they make a higher profit by not spending as much. Also HFCS helped provide a market for corn growers after the corn-oil margarine declined. Obesity opens the door to a long list of killers, including heart disease, cardiovascular problems, strokes, diabetes and respiratory problems. ââ¬Å"Over the past three decades, childhood obesity rates in America have tripled, and today, nearly one in three children in America are overweight or obese. The numbers are even higher in African American and Hispanic communities, where nearly 40% of the children are overweight or obeseâ⬠states the Lets Move website. ââ¬Å"Meals were home-cooked with reasonable portion sizes and there was always a vegetable on the plate. Eating fast food was rare and snacking betwee n meals was an occasional treatâ⬠(Move). Letââ¬â¢s Move! is an initiative, launched by the First Lady to help solve the challenge of childhood obesity within a generation. Childhood obesity is one of the leading reasons why society was brought to the attention of a healthier lifestyle. Many Americans arent very physicallyShow MoreRelatedChildhood Obesity : A Growing Epidemic Across The World Essay1824 Words à |à 8 PagesChildhood obesity is a growing epidemic across the world, and has become a rapidly increasing problem in the US. In the past thirty years, the obesity rate for children aged 12-19 has quadrupled, and it has doubled in children aged 6-11 (US Department of Health and Human Services, 2015). When compared to the lifestyle of an average 13 year old thirty years ago, todayââ¬â¢s lifestyle is one that seems to stack the cards against them. Thirty years ago, kids participated in recess and gym class daily, todayRead MoreEssay on Advertising and Obesity in Amer ica2871 Words à |à 12 PagesBurger King, Wendys, Taco Bell, McDonalds and KFC have all become household names. Each of these companies operates under a similar mission statement: to serve a quick, filling meal for a very low cost. 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There are various checklists that needs to be gathered first. Once all the checklists are available, selection process will begin. At that period various options needs to be eliminated and potential options should be kept. Project management plays an important role to ensure the available options are implemented within a budget and estimated timeframe. According to Fabris (2014), space design, vendor selection, managing the construction process and selection of location are just a few time consuming responsibilities a project must tackle. Managers and owners of the restaurant may have strengths in operations management. Also, their skills are very handy when it comes to concept development. However, there are few areas managers lack their core competencies. In order to develop a new restaurant, expertise in facility design and construction has a big role. The first and indispensable step is to establish an optimal restaurant construction schedule. 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From the outside of the building, it consists of some glass featuring high ceilings and a boutique retail podium. The site area is 1006 m2, located in the center core of Coolangatta LAP. The project is to build a 25 storeys residentialRead MoreQuality Management Plan For Catering Service Quality Essay1484 Words à |à 6 PagesQuality Management Strategy Service quality is the soul of the service industry, the quality of service has become a bottleneck restricting the development of the restaurant. Therefore, the improvement of catering service quality has always been the concern of the catering industry. Quality Planning The main purpose is: 1. Make customers satisfied with our service, such as tasty, healthy food. 2. Provide customers a suitable environment, such as enough light, soft chair. 3. Based on previous 2Read MoreBuilding A Project Management Process1948 Words à |à 8 Pageshave key roles in the project management process. The presence of triple constraint will impact the project process. The relationship between the project scope, cost, and time will determine what changes will be implemented. These factors also impact the quality of the project and the knowledge of this will aid in the decision making process. The initial planning process of a construction project will be examined. A statement of need, goals and objectives, the stakeholders and project requirements Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15942283599186778681noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3603015416897777886.post-51004290864595865132019-12-10T05:14:00.001-08:002019-12-10T05:14:03.502-08:00International Nurses in Canada free essay sample International Nurses in Canada Nurses play vital role in the personââ¬â¢s life. Nurses take care of health of all age group of Canadians and make the nation very healthy and wealthy. Nursing, as a career to both men and women offer varieties of opportunities for professional development and the personal satisfaction by helping people, when they really seek caring hand. Duties and Responsibilities of a Nurse in Ontario, Canada In Canada duties and responsibilities of nurses are well defined and listed with the emphasis on good ethics. The main duties of the Registered Nurses are as follows.Nurses assess patients to identify appropriate nursing interventions and provide medications and treatments according to policies and protocols . They collaborate with team members to plan, implement and evaluate patient care in consultation with patients and their relatives. They educate the patients and implement the institute policies for discharging patients. They assist surgeons, physicians in medical procedure or surgery and successfully monitor and operate medical equipments and supervise subordinates staff. (1. Employment Ontario). They maintain stock of supplies; prepare rooms, sterile instruments and equipments.They perform routine laboratory and office work. (2. Compassionate nursing care). In Ontario, there are two major groups in nursing profession. 1. Registered Nurse, 2. Registered Practical Nurse. The important differences between these two nursing professions are education and practice. RN requires studying a four year Bachelor of Nursing degree course and RPN requires studying, diploma program of four semesters. (3. RNAO). Working area of a nurse trained in Ontario, Canada A nurse trained in Canada can work in nearly 120 countries in the world. This is due to the Global nursing connections of Canadian Nursing Association with ICN (International Council Of Nursing). ICN is a federation of national nursesââ¬â¢ associations, representing nurses in more than 120 countries. CNA has very good leadership, which has represented ICN at various senior level for pretty long period. (4. CNA). Duties of a nurse in a Third World Country (ZAMBIA) Zambia is a member of International Council of Nurses (ICN) and nursing profession is regulated by the Nurses and Midwives Act No. 31 of 1997. Unfortunately, Zambia is among the 57 countries identified by WHO as experiencing critical shortage nurses and doctors as they are changing their profession or migrating to other counties. (5-ZUNO, 2008). Nurses in Zambia are working in highly unsafe and poor occupational conditions. In Zambia HIV/AIDS and other diseases such as tuberculosis and malaria are predominant. Due to the shortage of nursing staff, there is an overload of work on existing nurses. They work with inadequate protective clothing and instruments. They are offered very poor salary and deprived of basic needs of life. All these factors increase stress to nurses and deteriorate their physical, mental and financial condition. The nurses trained in Ontario can work in any part of the world, but the internationally trained nurse cannot work here as soon as they come here. At first glance this looks unpalatable and dominance of developed country over developing country and third world country. Here, the development in health care is very fast to keep the people healthy and provide faster recovery. So nurses will require keeping the pace with new technology and innovations. Nurses need to implement new health programs.Nurses need to work more independently. Nurses must be able to collaborate, the activities of the different disciplines for the patientââ¬â¢s benefit. Here, Nurses should be aware of consequences of ethical and legal issues, while treating the patient with their consent, relating nursing practice in the institute / hospital. (6. CNA). All these important information and knowledge are required before treating patients in Ontario. Above all, communication should also be fluent, to understand team members and patients. Because of these reasons, internationally trained nurses might not be able to work immediately, when they arrive here. Requirements for internationally trained nurse to be accepted in nursing profession They should be Canadian citizen, Permanent Resident or authorized under the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (Canada) and provide evidence of fluency in English / French. They should complete an acceptable nursing program, provide recent safe nursing practice, should successfully complete national nursing registration examination and provide registration or eligibility of registration in Ontario. They should provide Good character and clean criminal record from a Canadian Criminal Record. (7. CNO).Expenses to obtain Ontario Certification for internationally trained nurses Various Bridge Training programs are offered by Ontario government to internationally educated nursing professional to gain the knowledge and information needed to get license to do practise in Ontario. (8. Ontario Bridge Training). This study program is ranging between 2 to 4 semesters. The tuition fee for this study program is ranging between $ 12000 to $ 4400. After completion of this program they will have to pay,1. application fee,2. PLAR Fee,3. Examinatin fee,4,General class registration fee. The total comes $ 2457. 0. (9. CNO). These expenses are overwhelming for newcomers. Newcomers initially struggle to get the job to meet their daily expenses. How could they take care of expensive tuition fees and license fees with full time study? This system is very expensive for internationally trained nurse to get license and do the practise in Ontario. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15942283599186778681noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3603015416897777886.post-70701709471681159832019-12-02T16:56:00.001-08:002019-12-02T16:56:03.701-08:00Transgenesis and Selective Breeding free essay sample The relation between humans and genetic manipulation is older than we think. Humans have been manipulating the transfer of genetic information between organisms for over 10. 000 years. The first experiences were with cultivation of grains and domestication of animals. The facilities that these methods bring in order to keep having the necessary stuff for our survival make the humans improve their techniques. Now, with the advances of science, we have some sophisticated ways to make easier get the most wanted kinds of livestock and plants. Selective breeding and transgenesis are examples of popular (and successful) processes involving genetic manipulation in the current context. Transgenic cows Nowadays, with the many abilities of the science, techniques are improving livestock. One of them is the ability to engineer and altered DNA from organisms. These organisms are termed Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) and may be modified one of 3 ways: by alteration of existing gene, by deletion of existing gene or by addition of foreign genetic material. We will write a custom essay sample on Transgenesis and Selective Breeding or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The last one enables the GMO to express the trait coded by the new gene. These organisms are referred to as transgenic. The aims of transgenesis can be for specific economic traits or for disease models (animals genetically manipulated to exhibit disease symptoms so that effective treatment can be studied). The transgenic cows are an example of transgenic animals. As a transgenic animal, the transgenic cows have the extra gene (transgene) present in everyà cell, but itââ¬â¢s only expressed in mammary tissue, making the transgenes protein only found and extracted from the cowââ¬â¢s milk. In New Zealand, the AgResearch have been successfully producing transgenic cows that make modified milk or produce therapeutic proteins to treat human diseases. Process Making a transgenic cow is a multi step process. Scientists who produce transgenic cows use a range of techniques including DNA cloning, restriction enzymes, ligation, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), transformation, nuclear transfer and in vitro embryo production. In New Zealand, AgResearch have been doing diverse researches about transgenic cows. Now, with these, it is possible to simplify the technique to do transgenic cows in 7 steps: à Identification of trait First, the scientists make an analysis in order to solve problems and find the characteristics wanted in the transgenic animal. After decided the kind of livestock required, it is searched where itââ¬â¢s possible to find the transgene and how to align it logically. Step 2: Sourcing the transgene The desired gene sequence is extracted from the source organismââ¬â¢s DNA. The scientists obtain the sequence from a genomic library, thatââ¬â¢s a collection of cloned segments of DNA containing at least one copy of every gene from a particular organism. The DNA product contains the organismââ¬â¢s entire DNA sequence, thus it is the desired trait plus the rest of the organismââ¬â¢s DNA. Step 3: Gene Isolation Once the gene has been indentified and located, the scientists need to remove the gene sequence from the rest of the DNA. With restriction enzymes, the DNA is cut leaving a bunch of pieces with varying lengths. One of which is the gene of interest. It will be with sticky ends in order to be easily glued back into a vector. This way, the transgene will have the specifically variant that is needed. Restriction Enzymes come from bacteria and are used as a defence mechanism. When viruses (or other bacteria) attack, bacteria kill them by cutting up in both strands of DNA, at a specific sequence, usually about 4-8 base pairs long. Step 4: Designing and constructing the gene After isolated, the transgene is made modifying parts of the gene. The gene construct is a unit of DNA that includes: A B C D A) A selectable marker gene: Usually anà antibioticà resistanceà gene. This is added in order to select cells that have successfully taken up the gene construct. A promoter sequence: A tissue-specificà promoterà sequence is used to correctly switched the start of expression from theà proteinà in cells with appropriate tissue, for example, mammary cells in lactating cows. C) The desired gene D) A terminal sequence: A terminal sequence is needed to signal the cellular machinery that the end of the gene sequence has been reached. It all is connected with a ligation enzyme and mixed. This product is incubated in the water bath at 16 degrees for half an hour. Then, the scientists use the PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction). Polymerase Chain Reaction is a technique that allows scientists to copy and multiply a piece of DNA millions of times. The DNA is heated to 98? C so that is separates into single strands and polymerase enzyme is added to synthesis new DNA strands from supplied nucleotides. Step 5: Transformation into bovine cells The gene construct is incorporated into theà genomeà of a cow cellà using a technique called transformation. Transformation involves the delivery of a transgene into the nucleus of a recipient cell and integration into a chromosome so it can be passed onto offspring. Since cows have billions of cells, it would be impossible to insert a copy of the transgene into every cell, so tissue culture techniques must be used. Tissue culture is the technique of obtaining samples of tissue, growing it outside the body without a scaffold, and reapplying it A bovine cell line is cultured in an incubator. During the transformation, holes are made in the cellà membraneà allowing the DNA to enter. The holes can be made by applying an electrical pulse or by adding chemicals to the cells. Once inside the cell, the gene construct may enter theà nucleus and incorporate into the cellââ¬â¢s genome. That can be done either by using an actual stimulus that interferes with the membrane and allows for a short time for the DNA to enter a cell or just by chemical reactions reagents that again interfere with a membrane that surrounds the cell and then allows temporarily for a DNA molecule to enter. The recipient genome is exposed to the transgenes in hopes that a few of the transgenes will actually be integrated into that recipient genome and then properly expressed. This is a rarely case and thatââ¬â¢s why the next step involves selection of cells expressing the transgene. There is also concern that transformation might indirectly after the expression of other genes because of the unpredictable integration of transgene resulting in a toxic phenotype. Transform a bovine cell line is necessary because inject the transgene directly into a cow will only change the somatic cells, and the aim is affect the gametes to pass onto the offspring. Step 6: Selecting for transgene positive cells To know if the gene has successfully incorporated, it is needed to screen the cells. The cells are transferred to a selective growth medium containing an antibiotic or chemical, depending on which selectable marker was used. After the antibiotic or chemical is added, the cells that havenââ¬â¢t taken up the transgene will die. The other will survive because they contain an antibiotic resistance gene, making them resistant. The survivors will divide and form a small colony of identical cells. Then, itââ¬â¢s involved Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to photocopier and runs off a whole lot of copies of the gene in order to visualize that the transgene is actually present. The two strands in the DNA double helix need to be separated in a denaturation, done by raising the temperature of the DNA solution. This causes the hydrogen bonds between the complementary DNA chains to break, and the two strands separate. Next, the temperature is lowered and an enzyme joins free DNA nucleotides together. The order in which these nucleotides are joined to the new strand is determined by the sequence of nucleotides in the original DNA strand which is being copied. The result is a double stranded DNA molecule which contains one newly made strand and one original strand. After, the newly created double helix is separated (by heating the solution) and the cycle is repeated. The cells are also tested by Southern Blotting, which includes DNA digestion, gel electrophoresis technique, blotting, probe labelling, hybridization washing and detection. To perform it, the bovine cell DNA is digested by restriction enzymes and run out on a gel. The DNA is denatured into single strand DNA and transferred to a piece of nylon membrane. Then a radioactive DNA probe is made containing the DNA sequence of the transgene of interest. The paper is rinsed with the probe, and if the probe is identical to any DNA sequence on the paper it will bind to it. Finally, the paper is exposed to X-ray film. A band or mark on the film indicates that the gene of interest is integrated into the bovine cell DNA. Step 7: Making a transgenic embryo using nuclear transfer and cloning Nuclear transfer is used to create a whole animal from a single transgenic bovine cell. The generation of a transgenic calf follows the same process as the generation of a cloned calf. Ovaries are collected from cows processed at the local abattoir. Eggs are removed from the ovaries and matured overnight in a special media. The nuclear material is then removed from the egg using a fine glass needle and a single cultured cell (carrying the transgene) is positioned against the cytoplasm of the egg (injection). The transgenic bovine cell is fused with a bovine oocyte (egg). An electrical pulse is applied to help fuse the cells. The reconstruct (egg + fused cell) is then chemically activated and placed into culture for development to begin. Once fused with the oocyte, the transgenic cellââ¬â¢s chromosomes are reprogrammed to direct development into an embryo. After 7 days, the transgenic embryo will become a blastocysts and will have about 150 cells, so they can be transferred into aà recipientà cow for further development to term. If the embryo develops to full term, after 9 months, the cow will give birth to a calf. To confirm that the calf is transgenic, scientists can check using: 1. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) ââ¬â PCR can quickly establish whether the transgene is present or absent in the calfââ¬â¢s DNA. 2. Quantitative PCR (q-PCR) ââ¬â q-PCR is to quantify how many copies of the transgene have been incorporated into the genome of the cell line. The q-PCR machine is a standard PCR but with the incorporation of a fluorescent dye that shows the amplification of the DNA product live on screen as the reaction carries out. 3. Fluorescence in-situ hybridisation (FISH) ââ¬â FISH is a technique in which include take a biopsy from the animal, grow up cells back into culture, arrest them at metaphase and prepare some slides with those cells. With the slides is possible to probe where the transgene is in the chromosomeà and visualize if it has integrated into more than one chromosome. 4. Analysing of protein expressed ââ¬â When cows are two years old they may have their first calf, this way it is stimulated the lactation and milk production. At this point, the milk can be tested to determine whether transgenic proteins, like casein and myelin basic protein are present. Assuming the transgene has successfully integrated itself into the genome, it will be present in every cell of the animal that develops and will be passed on to following generations through regular sexual reproduction. Implications Interestingly, the creation of transgenic animals has resulted in a good turn of events. Transgenic technology holds great potential in many fields, including agriculture, medicine, and industry. The impact of transgenic animals reaches ecosystems, genetic biodiversity, health and survival of individuals, populations and evolution of populations. Some of the implications of the transgenic process are very important as: Impact over genetic biodiversity, health or survival of individuals and populations Improving livestock and animal health Transgenic technologies could be used to improve animal health by increasingà resistance to diseases. When technology using molecular biology was developed, it became possible to develop traits in animals in a shorter time and with more precision. In addition, scientists can improve the size of livestock genetically. Transgenesis can allow larger herds with specific traits. Improving food quality or making novel food products Improving the quantity or quality of the milk or meat from cows may be of value. For example, milk with extra casein requires less processing to make into cheese and will have increased calcium levels. AgResearchââ¬â¢s firstà transgenicà cows had extra bovine kappa casein genes inserted in theirà genome. This research proved to the scientists that transgenic technologies could be used to alter milk composition in cows. In the future, modified milk from transgenic cows could be used to benefit animal health, for example, by improving growth and survival of calves, prevent animal diseases, such as mastitis, make milk with human health benefits, assist milk processing into dairy products. Overseas milk or meat products from transgenic animals are not allowed to enter the animal orhuman food supply in New Zealand. Creating therapeutic proteins Transgenic cows can be used as ââ¬Ëbiofactoriesââ¬â¢ to produce human therapeutic à proteins. Therapeutic proteins are used to treat human diseases and they include hormones, antibodies, vaccines, growth factors and blood clotting factors. In June 2006, the first therapeuticà proteinà made in a transgenic animal was approved for use in Europe and the USA. ATrynà ®, a human antithrombin protein, is made in transgenic goats. The protein prevents blood clots in patients who donââ¬â¢t make their own version of this protein. Products such as insulin, growth hormone, and blood anti-clotting factors have already been obtained from the milk of transgenic cows too. Research is also underway to manufacture milk through transgenesis for treatment of debilitating diseases such as phenylketonuria (PKU), hereditary emphysema, and cystic fibrosis. The A. I. Virtanen Institute in Finland produced a calf with a gene that makes the substance that promotes the growth of red cells in humans. Scientists at AgResearch have generated transgenic cows that produce myelin basic protein (MBP) in their milk. MBP is part of the insulating layer that surrounds nerves. In patients with multiple sclerosis, this insulating layer is gradually destroyed, which prevents the nerves from communicating. Treatment with human MBP may help reduce symptoms of multiple sclerosis. Impact over ecosystems In New Zealand, to start a research as the transgenic cows by AgResearch, it is needed to follow strict guidelines for care and containment of the animals. Transgenicà cows are classed as new organisms and are regulated by the Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act. The HSNO Act is overseen by the EPA, the Environmental Protection Agency. The EPA provides rules and regulations for introducing any hazardous substances or new organisms to New Zealand. Before any research can be done, an application must be made toà the Environmental Protection Authority (EPA). EPA evaluates the benefits and risks of any research and decides whether the work can begin. Anyone can make a submission on an application, which can support it, oppose it or support some parts and oppose others. Applications to EPA can be viewed on the EPA website. Environmental impact ERMA may place restrictions or require certain standards to be followed before giving approval for transgenic research work. For example, the transgenic cows at AgResearch are kept in a special containment facility at Ruakura with restricted access and environmental monitoring. Beyond, transgenic animals cannot leave the facility and the farmers must follow strict rules for waste disposal. The animal containment facility is monitored by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MAF) New Zealand. All waste materials from the transgenic cow facility must be disposed of on site. Milk is treated byà fermentation, then diluted and sprayed over the pasture. After consultation with local Maori, it was agreed that all animal carcases would be buried on site. Impact over society Ethical frameworks Ethics is a crucial part of the nature of biotechnology. Transgenic animals can contain genes that would not normally arise through natural genetic variation. In New Zealand, transgenic technologies are highly regulated, with all genetically modified animals being kept in containment. However, using or adapting an animal raises issues about animal welfare, the environment, human health and wellbeing, and society. This issue may be viewed differently by different stakeholder groups according to their cultural, spiritual or religious beliefs and values. As part of the HSNO Act, scientists need to consult with Maori at a local and national level through meetings orà hui. Together, they consider the risks and benefits an application may pose to Maorià cultureà or traditional relationships with ancestral lands, water, sites,à wahi tapu, valuedà floraà andà faunaà or otherà taonga. The ethics thinking tool must be used before any decision is made: Consequencesà ââ¬â what are the benefits and risks? Rights and dutiesà ââ¬â what rights need to be protected and who is responsible for this? Autonomyà ââ¬â should individuals have the right to choose for themselves, or does one decision count for everyone? Virtueà ââ¬â what is the ââ¬Ëgoodââ¬â¢ thing to do? Multiple perspectivesà ââ¬â what perspectives do groups with other cultural, spiritual or religious views have? Ethical concerns must be addressed as the technology grows, including the issue of lab animal welfare. The research must consider all the factors and people involvement to this, never think in the individual but in the society. The future direction of transgenic research will be influenced by ongoing discussion and evaluation of ethical and societal issues that are raised. New Zealanders need to weigh up the risks and benefits associated with transgenic cows and decide what they consider to be acceptable. Selective breeding Selective breeding of animals is a selective mating to increase the possibility of obtaining certain characteristics in the animals in order to get better livestock. The type of mating selected depends on the goals. To produce the kinds of animal they want, breeders have to first understand the animal as aà species, then the animal as genetic individuals. Selective breeding use many techniques as outcrossing, linebreeding, inbreeding and hybrids. The more modern techniques involve a wide variety of laboratory methods, including embryo selection, artificial insemination, cloning and MOET. Traditional techniques: 1. Outcrossing ââ¬â Mating two animals that are unrelated for at least 4 to 6à generations back is called an outcross. This method works best when the geneticà variation for a trait is high. 2. Linebreeding ââ¬â Linebreeding involves mating related animals like half-brother/half-sister, cousins,à aunt/nephew,à and other more distant relationships. 3. Inbreeding ââ¬â This breeding method involved mating directly related animals, like mother/son, father/daughter, and full brother/full sister (full siblings). This method is used generally to create uniformity and prepotency (the ability of this process to continue) and to force out latent weaknesses from the gene pool. First generation cross between two animals that belong to different breeds. Hybrid is process that occurs in nature, particularly in plants. However, humans have learned how to manipulate the genes in a similar way using the same principles. With increased rate of mutations, offspring are selected that contain the genetic variation that suites the desired need. Hybrids contain a unique number of chromosomes when compared to distant relatives of similar genomes. The hybrids then carry traits of both species. 5. Composite ââ¬â Two hybrids of same breed-combination bred back to each other for generations. Modern techniques: 1. Embryo Selection ââ¬â Embryo Selection is used to select the best embryos according the livestock wanted. Embryo Selection is crucial in horticulture and agriculture. Sex Selection: Sometimes, one gender tends to be preferred for a specific purpose. Sex selection is vital for the production of offspring. a. Females are useful in commercial purposes eg) ju, dairy cows b. Males that are able to breed with many females to pass on desired traits; expensive if the cows are inseminated. 2. Embryo Manipulation ââ¬â Embryo Manipulation takes place not long after fertilisation and beginning of the zygote process of mitosis (morula stage). The new cells formed are called blastomeres and they are totipotent from the 4 to 8 cell stage. In this time, scientist can manipulate the embryo in order to get some desired characteristics. 3. Artificial Insemination ââ¬â Artificial insemination is the artificial introduction of semen from a male with desirable traits into females of the species to produce pregnancy, and is useful because a far larger number of offspring can be produced than would be possible if the animals were traditionally bred. MOET is the production of multiple embryos from a female with desirable traits, which are then implanted in the wombs of other females of the same species. 5. Cloning ââ¬â Cloning, an asexual method of reproduction, produces an individual with the same genetic material (DNA) as another individual. Animals have been cloned by three processes: embryo splitting, blastomere dispersal, and nuclear transfer. Nuclear transfer is most common and involves enucleating an ovum, or egg, with all the genetic material removed. Implications Selective breeding programmes have resulted in higher yields and better disease resistance. Ultimately, breeding goals are dictated by market demand; however, it is not easy to predict what consumers will want several years in advance. Although it is extremely effective, there are disadvantages to this method. One of these is that for animal breeding to be performed productively, a number of animals must be involved in the process. Another problem is that undesirable traits can also mistakenly be selected for. For this reason, too much inbreeding will produce sickly or unproductive stock, and at times it is useful to breed two entirely different strains with each other. The resulting offspring are usually extremely healthy; this is referred to as hybrid vigor. Usually hybrid vigor is only expressed for a generation or two, but crossbreeding is still a very effective means to combat some of the disadvantages of inbreeding. Another practical disadvantage to selective inbreeding is that the DNA of the parents is altered during the production of eggs and sperm. In order to make eggs and sperm, which are called gametes, a special kind ofà cell divisionà occurs calledà meiosis, in which cells divide so that each one has half the normal number of chromosomes (in humans, each sperm and egg contains 23 chromosomes). Before this division occurs, the two pairs of chromosomes wrap around each other, and a phenomenon known as crossing over takes place in which sections of one chromosome will be exchanged with sections of the other chromosome so that new combinations are generated. The problem with crossing over is that some unexpected results can occur. For instance, the offspring of a bull homozygous for two recessive but desirable traits and a cow with normal genes will all have one copy of each recessive gene. But when these offspring produce gametes, one recessive gene may migrate to a different chromosome, so that the two traits no longer appear in oneà gamete. Since most genes work in complicity with others to produce a certain trait, this can make the process of animal breeding very slow, and it requires many generations before the desired traits are obtainedââ¬âif ever. Conclusion The evolution of scientific methods has been contributed lot through time. In the agricultural and horticultural environment, the transgenic and selective breeding methods have been improved livestock and better animal/plant health. Beyond, the researchers can contribute in fields such as medic and industrial. The techniques in both processes stimulate knowledge and improve the technology, resulting in employment and better conditions to the future. However, transgenesis and selective breading involve the manipulation of the natural order, bringing a polemic topic.à But, if the scientists follow the ethic process and rules determinate by superior agencies, always thinking about the society over the individual, they may have good results, supporting the future generations. Therefore, all the opinions about the topic must be discussed and respected. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15942283599186778681noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3603015416897777886.post-78075416686252099242019-11-27T05:08:00.001-08:002019-11-27T05:08:05.049-08:00Addressing the Nurse ShortageAddressing the Nurse Shortage Introduction The global healthcare system is gradually receiving substantial international concern, with the need to improve services to meet human healthcare demands augmenting.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Addressing the Nurse Shortage specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Despite having great developments in its current healthcare provision, challenges facing the systems have become eminent with the public becoming heavily concerned with issues affecting these systems. Service improvement has always depended on several factors, including the levels of expertise in the healthcare system, the financial stability of the respective systems as well as the human resources related factors, among others. Precisely, human resource factors have always formed a larger accountability of performance in organizations. In this context, recruitment and retention of healthcare providers, including both doctors and nurses are part of the critical worries for health care providers. Over the past three decades, concern has risen about the overwhelming aspects in the recruitment and retention of the healthcare workers with researchers identifying gradual shortage of the labor force in healthcares. Therefore, for this rationale, this essay seeks to provide a comprehensive plan for recruitment and retention of nursing staff. Background to the problem (Global perspective) The global focus on the imperativeness of the healthcare sector at the height of human health needs remains a hotly contested issue across the world, both in developed and developing nations.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For three consecutive decades, research has invested heavily on issues affecting the recruitment and retention of healthcare workers, with several challenges established in this context. According to Scanlon (20 01), medical experts and providers in the healthcare are reporting significant facts on the contemporary shortage of nurses, with increasingly complex of patientsââ¬â¢ care needs across the globe. Based on this report, ââ¬Å"while comprehensive data are lacking on the nature and extent of the shortage, research expect the situation to become more serious in the future as the aging of the population substantially increases the demand for nursesâ⬠(Scanlon, 2001, p. 2). The problem has extended from the past three decades and is currently stretching in all parts of the globe, regardless of the geographical positioning, the status of the economy or environment of a given state or nation. Situation in developed economies Focusing on the developed economies, the situation of recruitment and retention of healthcare workers, especially the nurses who are core to caring services in the healthcare, remains a contention in leading economies of the world. A current empirical evidence drawn from investigative studies undertaken in several parts of the United States of America have revealed considerable realities over the challenges facing recruitment and retention of healthcare employees. For instance, for the next twenty years, estimates reveal that the healthcare sector in the United States of America might have a shortage of about 400,000 Registered Nurses (RNs) below the required number (Perrine, 2009).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Addressing the Nurse Shortage specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Recent research, conducted in the USA in 2004, revealed that human-resource-related factors, including lack of motivation were eminently the most outstanding reasons associated with nurse understaffing. Others included nurse burnouts, low salaries/remunerations, lack of ample time with patients as well as other demographic characteristics. Primary demographics in the USA include gender, marital statu s and childlessness. The USA government has noticed this issue as among the most severe problems affecting the welfare and development of the nursing sector, with efforts in improving the healthcare systems and calls from different healthcare organizations calling for more sobriety and sanity in these sectors. A similar situation is eminent in the United Kingdom, Germany, China, and other parts of Europe with developed and developing economies suffering this menace. In Europe, employee recruitment and retention have augmented in the past two decades and the nursing sectors have felt the worst effect of this mayhem. Considerable empirical evidence has portrayed extensive correlation between nurse staffing and levels of performance in the healthcare system, especially nursing in the USA. Furthermore, ââ¬Å"a recent Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) report to Congress found a direct relationship between nurse staffing levels in nursing homes and the quality of resident careà ¢â¬ (Scanlon, 2001, p. 5). This aspect forms a complete background to ascertain the contemporary issues affecting the entire globe.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Substantial empirical evidence is continuously reflecting on the augmenting shortage of healthcare employees in the USA for the past two decades and the problem might further surge depending on the predetermined conditions. Empirical studies, undertaken by several researchers pertaining to this problem around the USA in a decade ago, reveal considerable and reliable evidence on the prevailing situation. According to Hasmiller and Cozine (2006), throughout a number of decades, hospitals in the entire U.S. have consistently faced cyclical shortages of nurses especially in the year 2000 when an estimated number of 126,000 hospital nursing positions remained vacant. Subsequently, the trend commenced in 2004, when the hospitals witnessed approximately 4% drop in the number of nurses working in hospital from the initial 59% in the year 2000. Hasmiller and Cozine (2006) assert, ââ¬Å"A broad set of factors related to recruitment and retention among them, fewer workers, an aging workforce, and unsatisfying work environmentsâ⬠(p. 268) are renowned contributive factors in this mayhem. Situation in developing nations The issues of recruitment and retention of healthcare employees, especially the nurses, remains a global controversy with its ramifications felt throughout the continuum of global healthcare stretching from developed to developing nations. Developing nations, including the entire Sub-Saharan Africa and other parts of the Asian continent have suffered from nurse staffing issues with the majority of them migrating from their countries in search of better labor remunerations. Arguments embedded in the research undertaken in developing nations indicate a considerable shift of carrier in healthcare sectors as well as complete migration from one country to another to explore better job opportunities. With the augmenting scarcity of healthcare workers, especially nurses, coupled with at least better remunerations in developed countries, job transfers are inc reasing from developed to developing nations. Anxiety is rising on how the two economies will manage the trend and as NGOs and government struggle to improve healthcare conditions in Africa and Asia, questions are rising on how they will curb the augmenting migration aspect. Research has cited nurse related factors as the reason behind poor healthcare provision in all economies, though developing economies are facing considerably more significant impact. A considerable amount of mortality and morbidity issues are directly relating to employment and retention of nurses with job satisfaction issues like wages, remunerations and salaries, as well as other underlying job factors in healthcare. Fatalities in the developing nations have sometimes associated with poor nursing practices attributed to factors relating to recruitment and retention of nurses. Hasmiller and Cozine (2006) stress, ââ¬Å"Nurses are the largest group of health care professionals providing direct patient care in ho spitals and the quality of care for hospital patients strongly links to the performance of nursing staff ââ¬Å"(p. 268). In fact, healthcare is an essential component in human life determining the quality of life, which no one should defy. The prevailing condition in developing nations seems to be gradually elevating depending on underlying economic conditions in each nation. Regional perspective (area of study) Regionally, the issue of nurse staffing, including the recruitment and retention of such professionals, remains compromised. The nursing staffing menace has and is increasingly becoming a mind seizing matter with its ramifications stretching from international paradigm to local and regional states in the U.S. Nurse recruitment and retention in the state of Tennessee in America has recently become a regionally debated issue with significant stakeholders in the healthcare sector, struggling to find possible remedies to avert the situation. Despite substantial efforts by the b oard of nursing and other dependent associations around the entire U.S. inclusive of the Tennessee to improve the state of healthcare systems through education, practice and licensure much remain anticipated. Since the emergence of the board of nurses in the early 1911, reforms and transformations undertaken have hardly managed to overcome the most vital issue of employment and retention of workers in the healthcare system. Healthcare system in the State of Tennessee suffers mostly from unprecedented nurse-patient ratio with the situation augmenting from each consecutive year, posing significant health hazards. Latest reports of the last two years documented by the incumbent board of nursing of State of Tennessee have revealed significant evidence on the underway problem, citing an increasing shortage of nursing staffs and escalating patient numbers as major healthcare concerns. The problem seems to have existed and augmenting each successive year for the past one decade as other re searchers acknowledged the issue since before. Scanlon (2001) postulates, ââ¬Å"an important factor in the current shortage is the higher proportion of patients having more complex care needs, which increases the demand for nurses with training for specialty areas such as critical care and emergency departmentsâ⬠(p. 3). There is an influx in the populace the State of Tennessee in the past two decades with some of the available medical centers facing congestion from the demanding health care. Statistics indicate that the number of patients attended to by nurses is increasing with a ratio greater than the nurse population can manage to handle. Background of the Organization (AI medical Center) This study focused on drawing empirical evidence from a single organization to represent other organizations operating in the U.S. As reflected in the background, the studyââ¬â¢s interest in the research problem is typically in the U.S. A1 Medical Center is the case of this study, whic h is essential to provide empirical evidence to the prevailing research problem. A1 Medical Center is a 188-bed medical and surgical center, which serves more than 52,000 emergency cases per year. It is renowned for its quality of emergency care, cardiac services, oncology services, orthopedic surgery, diabetic management, and obstetric services. The staff commits to a service culture of ââ¬Å"I serveâ⬠¦with pleasureâ⬠with values of integrity, selflessness, exceptional patient-centered care quality, respect, visionary care, and overall excellence. The medical center focuses on hiring quality staff. Bound to this objectivity, nurses are always obligated to perform their duties diligently to ensure they meet the standards required to address the increasingly complex care needs. Currently, the high patient turnover in A1 Medical Center is threatening the ability of nurses to provide the quality care needed within the hospital. Nurses are forced to work extra hard with the nu mber of overtime working increasing consecutively. Problem Description As with many other medical centers, a key problem is the hiring and retention of medical staff and especially nurses. It is challenging to find nurses of the appropriate quality and quantity needed to provide patients with the level of care indicated by the company culture. The shortage of the nursing personnel forces the centerââ¬â¢s management to ask the available nursing staff to work for long hours, coupled with making use of outside agency nurses to compensate for the shortage. This observation means that first; staff nurses are over-worked and second, outside agency nurses may not have the same commitment to the organizationââ¬â¢s culture and values. Due to the biting shortage, the available staff and particularly nurses have to deal with an increasing workload in their places of work, which are also not conducive. Both those situations can have a negative effect on patient care and negatively influen ces the companyââ¬â¢s budgets, since the per-hour cost of agency nurses and overtime nurses is higher than standard pay rates. Problem Statement The key problem is to identify a plan that will better the recruitment and retention of nursing staff both to improve overall patient care and to reduce budget costs. The Director of Nursing at A1 Medical Center has requested a plan to address these issues. The problem addresses three critical functional areas of the organization: management, economics (financial input), and human resources. In terms of management, the critical approach will be the creation of one or more nursing pools to allow nurses to be cross-trained to float among two or more departments, depending on need. The leadership portion will be addressed by establishing a process of daily rounds by leaders to inform them of needed resources and to encourage positive work environment and by providing training and support for transitioning to a transformational style of lead ership. The human resources aspect comes into play through active recruitment of quality staff and providing appropriate leadership training to improve overall leadership skills. Methodological approaches employed This study was simply an investigated report that followed all necessary approaches to ensure that the information contained does not portray any form of biasness or breach of respective laws governing research. To provide a comprehensive insight into the prevailing condition in A1 Medical Center, it was essential to acquire primary data to provide empirical evidence to the study. The research sought consent from the respective authorities before undertaking any investigative strategy in the study. The researcher sought prior permission to interrogate members of the organization, especially acquiescence from the top management officials, including the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and all the appropriate managers. The concession involved a permit letter from respective man agers before commencing with the study. Being a member of this medical center, which was the case study, I had reliable data to validate the research problem. I decided to find partners to assist in analyzing the problem and thus no need for questions and interview schedules since it was just direct conversation. Functional area attributing to the problem Organizationââ¬â¢s management For one to understand better the confronting issue of recruitment and retention of employees, it is important to identify the functional areas, especially those related to internal matters of the company. Management has itself always affected the general operations of A1 Medical Center. Management in A1 Medical Center has been a critical issue in the past one year. Management has always been of good rapport with the subordinates and the only management factor that attributes to challenges in recruitment and retention of nurses in A1 Medical Center is policy-based, not leadership based. The prevailin g condition of work in A1 Medical Center and the increasing complexity in the Medicare is hampering the companyââ¬â¢s ability to employ more nurses. Managers and directors in the hospital have always practiced good governance but have policy issues in the nursing field. Recruitment and retention of nurses in A1 Medical Center are suffering from policy-centered strategies that may assist in providing proper employment schedules. Organizational Economics The most important factor that affects organizational performance is the idea of how to manage economics. Economics in its broadest term means the science used to analyzes the production, distribution, and consumption of either goods or services. Services form an integral part in the production and its contribution is measurable in terms of output provided by serving customers. Generally, economics has always been the key functional area in the success and development of all organizations. However, the most economics aspect affecti ng the recruitment and retention of nursing staff is the financial input. Financial instability of the A1 Medical Center is hampering its ability to recruit and retain nurses. The modern nursing generation has become more financially demanding than the traditional nurse professionals who seemed to view work as inherently valuable and thus more dedicated to their organizations. Perrine (2009) postulate, ââ¬Å"A variety of factors, such as changes in social, economic, and public policy and shifts in society-wide attitudes influence the members of different generationsâ⬠(p. 22). Recommended solution The augmenting nurse staffing menace is becoming a hotly contested issue at the helm of international healthcare environment, with a similar situation evident in A1 Medical Center. The nursing staff in this organization as stated in the problem statement is inadequate and the situation is simultaneously increasing from decade to another, a year to the other. As aforementioned, the sh ortage of nurses forces the centerââ¬â¢s management to ask the nursing staff to work for long hours, coupled with making use of outside agency nurses to compensate for the shortage. Subsequently, the working conditions are deteriorating with fear surrounding the management on this overwhelming condition as nurses increasingly become impatient towards the management. Based on the prevailing condition, this is one of the reports needed by the management to make informed decisions on the recruitment and retention of nurses in A1 Medical Center. As the analytical review provided an analysis of the three different functional areas, recommendations on this study focused on the Human Resource Management, general organizational leadership and the financial sectors (economics). Recommendations on Human Resource Management Investing in research Research has been an indispensable component to the improvement of several sectors across the world with organizations realizing an existing proble m and seeking possible solutions towards averting such problems. In the contemporary world, the healthcare system has always relayed on research to examine critical issues affecting the system. Within the State of Tennessee and especially in A1 Medical Center, research has remained underutilized and thus some organizational factors remain unrealized. The Medical Center needs research to ââ¬Å"explore, measure, and better define the relationship between nursing care and patient outcomes; to uncover why newly licensed nurses tend to leave a hospital after only a short timeâ⬠(Hassmiller Cozine, 2006, p.271). Through research, the center will identify viable strategies for addressing nurse shortage. Providing Professional Training and practice Desperate situations call for desperate times and enhancing professional training is becoming a way of enhancing efficacy in all forms of organizations. In the situation where the current organizational financial status cannot accommodate the recurring expenses including wages, salaries and remunerations to improve nurseââ¬â¢s job satisfaction, it is essential for the organization to consider nurses professional training as an option. In respect to this aspect, professional nursing training and practice aids in improving the work efficiency among healthcare workers, which comes with a sense of job satisfaction as well. Hasmiller and Cozine (2006) refer to this aspect as transformation of hospital culture and states, ââ¬Å" hospital nurses have difficult, demanding jobs; they need to feel inspired by their work and supported as professionals if optimal patient care is to be achievedâ⬠(p. 27). Professional training is one way of maximizing human resources in the sense that few people are capable of producing substantial outcomes in organization. Professional training and practice have proven significant in enhancing health workers competence in handling complicated conditions. One of the essential strategies that have proven imperative to improving the status of nurse profession and the organizational development as well is the establishment of training centers within the healthcare centers. Setting up professional institutions within the healthcare center will allow A1 Medical Center to expand its working capacity and reduce the number of nurses lost during post-studies. Several ambitious individuals capable of working with healthcare organizations across the State of Tennessee have lacked the opportunity to expend their knowledge due to financial constraints. ââ¬Å"An important factor in the current shortage is the higher proportion of patients having more complex care needs, which increases the demand for nurses with training for specialty areas such as critical care and emergency departmentsâ⬠(Scanlon, 2001, p.17). To curb the growing shortage of nurses accurately in A1 Medical Center, the management on this organization must invest heavily in training new nurses as well as p roviding in-service professional training to the incumbent workforce. Improving wages and benefits there are diverse elements that propagate the eminent challenges that derail effective hiring process of nurses, including poor remuneration and the accompanying benefits. In the past, different researchers have pointed to motivational needs, and especially extrinsic motivational elements like material rewards, as the main driving forces behind successful retention of nurses. Salaries, remunerations, wages and other fringe benefits are core factors that determine the productivity of individual in any given organization. Human resource needs motivations through the well-cared environment as well as satisfactory job conditions that enhance the working morale of individuals in a given environment. ââ¬Å"Low wages, few benefits, and difficult working conditions contribute to recruitment and retention problems for nurse aidesâ⬠(Scanlon, 2001, p.8). It is essential for any organizatio n to understand that human capital is an important production aspect with financial resource factors equally contributing to the competency of workforce. A sustainable amount of physical resources achieved from an employer always acts as the source of hope and ambitiousness in employees and always increases individual competence and performance in the working environment. For the case of A1, a suitable plan improving employeeââ¬â¢s wages and benefits must exist to help avert the nurse shortage that is threatening to subjugate the organizationââ¬â¢s commitment in providing quality health care services. However, improving the wages and benefits of workers in A1 does not necessarily mean abnormal pay raise to the nurses. According to Hassmiller and Cozine (2006), ââ¬Å"the morale of nurses employed directly by the hospital also might suffer when they work alongside agency nurses who earn higher wages and enjoy more flexible schedulingâ⬠(p.269). Therefore, despite the fact that it is apparent that attractive salaries and remunerations are solutions to stabilizing workforce through enhanced recruitment and retention plan, might attract problems within the labor force. Additional employee supports It is important for healthcare organizations to understand the imperativeness of supporting their staff in overcoming challenges related to their profession. In a bid to improve the recruitment and retention of nursing staff in A1 Medical Center, the management should acknowledge the importance of providing workers with additional support including improving the work environments, enhancing their professional skills and providing social support. For nurses to enhance their professional performance, the management needs to provide such support services as both material possession and social wellbeing of individuals affect their competence and performance. Firstly, A1 Medical Center may provide support in improving the work environment by enhancing the working f acilities. Another strategy under the provision of more employee support is to enhance the conventional work knowledge and other support services for nursing staff. Recommended implementation resources Physical resources For the recommended solutions to become effective, several physical resources are essential in the implementation of the recommended plan. Financial stamina of the company will determine if the implementation of the desired plan will finally become fruitful. The financial position of A1 Medical Center will determine the outcome of the proposed the implementation of the recommended plan in the sense that lack of proper financial capacity to accommodate the program will delay in addressing the nurse shortage. As postulated before, A1 Medical Center will require investing heavily in establishing a nurse-training facility, including a small institution, where new enrolled nurses can acquire basic knowledge in handling patients. Finance is a driver for every economic dev elopment across the globe and thus, it is imperative for A1 to consider their fiscal strength before carrying out the proposed plan. It will be appropriate for A1 medical center to find possible partnerships and financial sponsorship as means of providing financial solution to the implementation of the proposed plan. Human resource A properly planned plan can fail to work if the human resource available fails to undertake stringent measure to implement the plan skillfully. One of the renowned strategies frequently and successfully employed in the implementation of the proposed plan is setting up implementation committee and respective subcommittees. The effective implementation of the plan hinges on the commitment of the concerned committees. Any biasness or maliciousness between the implementation committee or in the subcommittees affects the quality of the implementation process. A1 Medical Center will need to set up a dedicated committee, including professional experts in the imp lementation of the plan. It will require the management of the organization to remain focused towards the implementation process to avoid further delays that may result from personal differences among the committee members. The Medical Center will have to develop a culture in researching as well as research institutes to ascertain issues affecting the organization. Long-term financial and organizational impact of the recommendation Future Financial Impact By A1 opting to address the nursing shortage through the provision of professional training and practice to the incumbent nurses, the organization will reduce the recruitment cost required to increase the labor force. Typically, it will become more economical for the company to increase the professionalism of workers and incur few salaries or wage costs than to increase the number of workforce with little skills. It sounds more economical to provide in-service training to workers who will further remain loyal to the organization on realizing the fringe benefits offered than to acquire voluminous workforce from outside the organization at much higher cost. More importantly, a strategy that involves setting up a nurse training facility seems to be a more appropriate long-term solution for A1 Medical Center. Training young and energetic workforce will enable the healthcare center to be more human-resource equipped than hiring or recruitment trained nurses. Despite ostensibly being a financial requiring project at its onset, the project will aid in reducing recruitment costs in the future. Future Organizational Impact The proposed plan is not a short-term running project and its ramifications might stretch to the foreseen future determination of the Medical Center. Investing in research is among the renowned global strategies that facilitate achievement of long-term organizational goals. Research in A1 Medical Center will aid in providing an enduring solution in the identification and analysis of problems affecti ng the medical center and other healthcare organizations as well. Setting up a research institute will, therefore, enable the organization to have a permanent solution in determining and solving organizational problems. Based on this report, setting up a nurse-training institute is another priority included in this recommendation. The institute will provide an everlasting solution to the nurse shortage in A1 Medical Center as it will enable the organization to produce its own workforce, thus, proving more competent in future. The salary and remuneration plan intended to provide a substantial reward scheme will enable the organization avoid miscellaneous expenses related to employees salaries and payment schemes. Conclusion Conclusively, the global focus on the imperativeness of the healthcare sector at the height of human health needs remains a hotly contested issue across the world, both in developed and developing nations. The stakeholders in the healthcare sector point to the div erse and sometimes complex patientsââ¬â¢ needs as the factors that are responsible for the ever-increasing nursing shortage. A1 Medical Center is among the healthcare centers suffering from this menace. In an attempt to help avert this condition, this report recommended that the organization should invest heavily in research, develop a nurse training institution around the organization, and engage in providing nurses with professional training and practice that will eventually assist the organization in reducing the financial cost as well acting as an everlasting recruitment solution. In a bid to achieve the recommendations, the organization needs to increase their financial strength by either engaging in partnerships and other forms of sponsorships to help raise the needed amount to execute the plan. Reference List Hassmiller, S., Cozine, M. (2006). Addressing the nurse shortage to improve the quality of patient care. Health affairs, 25(1), 268-274. Perrine, J. (2009). Strategi es to boost RN retention. Web. Scanlon, W.J. (2001). Recruitment and Retention of Nurses and Nurse Aides is a Growing Concern. Web. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15942283599186778681noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3603015416897777886.post-18956368135375776742019-11-23T12:42:00.001-08:002019-11-23T12:42:02.958-08:00ENL 3 SP 2015 Blog Posts 2 EssayENL 3 SP 2015 Blog Posts 2 Essay ENL 3 SP 2015 Blog Posts 2 Essay Blog Posts Important Dates: Friday, 4/10 First Blog Post Due at 11:59 PM on SmartSite Friday, 5/1 Second Blog Post Due at 11:59 PM on SmartSite Friday, 5/22 Third Blog Post Due at 11:59 PM on SmartSite Thursday, 6/11 Optional Extra Credit Blog Post Due at 11:59 PM on SmartSite Word Count: Each post should be 500-700 words. Your Task: Over the course of the quarter, you will complete three blog posts on SmartSite. (You also have the option of doing one extra blog post for up to 10 extra credit points.) You can choose the topic of each post, but it must come from the list below. You donââ¬â¢t have to answer every question in the prompt- some will be more relevant than others depending on which text you choose to analyze- but your response should be detailed enough to prove a thesis. Whichever prompt you choose, focus on analyzing your chosen text, not simply describing or summarizing it. You may respond to the same prompt more than once as long as you choose a different text to analyze each time. Prompts: Choose an advertisement that involves at least one nonhuman animal and compose a blog post that analyzes this animalââ¬â¢s significance. For example, does the animal talk, walk upright, or take on other characteristics that are typically associated with human beings? Does the animal appear to have its own thoughts, feelings, or goals? Does the ad allude to any legends or literature where this animal figures prominently? Is there an obvious link between this animal and the product the ad is promoting? Why might the writers of this ad have chosen this particular animal (or species) to sell this product? What relationship do they assume their audience will have to the animal(s) in question? Choose a story, film, TV show, poem, or piece of music or visual art that does not come from the syllabus but includes a robot, animal, or other nonhuman entity. What is the significance of this animal or object? Is it a main character in the story? Is it mainly a background element? Is it a means of driving or facilitating a plot that mainly focuses on humans? (For example, is a dog just a way for two people to meet, or does it play a larger role?) What aspects of this animal or object seem to be most important or prominent? Does your chosen work seem to be promoting a particular way of looking at this animal or object? Does it ask us to see things from this entityââ¬â¢s perspective? Does it Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15942283599186778681noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3603015416897777886.post-26419959942373780042019-11-21T05:00:00.001-08:002019-11-21T05:00:15.750-08:00Report global citizenship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsReport global citizenship - Essay Example This is necessary because the textie industry faces the biggest criticism with regard to its environmental policies. The high resource consumption and waste management are the biggest criticism against the textile industyr. Cicadania would impose environmental regulations on itself by complying with ISO regulations.The ISO 1400 series specifically deal with enviromental management (Joshi, 34). This set of regulations requires Cicadania to plan, implement, control, monitor, review and improve environmental pratices. The process moves in a loop which has been represented below: organic cotton: The amount of water involved in the production of cotton is enormous and literally drains seas like the Aral sea. On average there is 10.000 liters of water needed per kilogram of cotton or 2500 liters per shirt or 8000 liters for a jeans. Therefor Cicadania is buying its cotton from China where only 6000 liters per kilo is needed. Recycled cotton and other materials: In order to further reduce the amount of new produced cotton, Cicadania engaged itself in introducing recycled cotton from used clothes and will introduce plastic fibres recycled from other plastics. Production electricity carbon neutral: through solar power panels placed on top of the manufacturing plant. In Brazil the amount of sunshine per year is sufficient to produce enough for day and night electricity. Extra electricity during the day flows into the net and at night the net gives back to the factory. transport: The efficient transport plan introduces smart packaging reducing the amount of plastics and cardboard and smart pile up will increase the amount of clothes to be shipped in one shipment of course reducing the amount of CO2 emitted per piece of clothing. The in store saving is a combination of both a set of mentality and small easy adaptations of the the store.The company would aim at creating eco friendly stores. These would paying attenion to the Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15942283599186778681noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3603015416897777886.post-73759210599476426522019-11-20T00:34:00.001-08:002019-11-20T00:34:02.898-08:00Solar Power Sustainability UAE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 wordsSolar Power Sustainability UAE - Essay Example From the law of conservation, it is explicitly stated that energy is neither created nor destroyed. This law simply means that energy is bale to change the state, but it cannotbe destroyed. How to handle energy wastes is the key factor that calls for environmental protection. In Dubai and UAE, solar energy is a potential source of energy. It is because of the extreme hot climatic condition in United Arab Emirates, and the sun is always available. According to reports, UAE is the leading in cleaner energy production. Most countries rely on non-renewable sources of energy like the petroleum products, fossil fuels and trees (Goal#5). These non-renewable sources of energy are the leading contributors of the greenhouse gases that are affecting the environment at large through causing global warming and climate change. Also, the nonrenewable sources of energy are not sustainable because they can be depleted because of the increasing demand. Scientists say that the available fuel may not be able to support the future generation because the degree at which they are being exploited is higher than the rate at which the earth can generate more fossil. According to projections that have been done by experts, solar energy can help UAE to save billions of money. The DEWA, Dubai Electricity & Water Authority, has been supplying hydroelectric power to a population greater than, 600,000 citizens. Due to the increasing human population, the demand for power has risen and water source for energy is not able to supply enough electricity without rationing. Due to this power supply constraint, there was a proposal for shifting the energy source to solar energy. The solar energy supply was established in 2008, April with an objective of reducing the usage of other energy sources(Gordon, 2001). This project was geared towards supporting sustainability in harvesting natural resources from the environment. Basically, Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15942283599186778681noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3603015416897777886.post-76672016162641349962019-11-17T13:04:00.001-08:002019-11-17T13:04:03.101-08:00Significance of John Brown and Harpers Ferry Essay Example for Free Significance of John Brown and Harpers Ferry Essay Since the Battle of Fort Sumpter, three months later, the first major battle during the civil war began on July 21, 1861 which was called The First Battle of Bull Run in Manassas. During this major battle, General Irvin McDowell commanded the large Union army while General Pierre G.T. Beauregard commanded the Confederate army. The Union perceived that they would make a quick and swift victory with very little loss, but it was the opposite. At the time both sides had inexperienced soldiers. When this war was happening the hundred of Manassas citizens left their homes to watch the battle unfold. Cannons and muskets would be fired all over and some misfires would end up at the civilians homes. At the start the Union was able a push the Confederates back to Henry Hill, but they would have their comeback. Beauregard make a strong defensive line controlled by General Thomas J. Jackson. Jackson held his ground successfully and gained the name Stonewall Jackson. The Confederates were able to capture Union artillery and chose to counterattack the Union soldiers. But it quickly lashed back at them when Union forces on the hill came down and broke the Confederates line of defense, forcing his complete retreat of the Bull Run. Thus this was a victory for the Union. The result of the battle left bodys riddled in the battlefield. Thousands of wasted soldiers died in that battle and was the largest and bloodiest battle during the Civil War. Other than scaring the scaring the citizens who were watching the entire battle the government was also shocked at the outcomes of this battle. Both sides came to the belief that this Civil War was going to become longer and more deadly as it goes on. From looking back at the battle one can see that it was not going to end quickly or any time soon. It became clear that it would last longer than people thought and that there was going to be more struggle. It also brought to people a clear image of what war was like. Thought the Union gained heavy losses, soldiers all across the Union gained moral for this victory and that they won. This war has also brought to the Generals attention that most of their soldiers are inexperienced and need to be trained and prepared for future battles. Politicians in the North were outraged by the high losses resulting from the battle, which gained in favor for the south and gave them hope that the Confederate army could defeat the Union. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15942283599186778681noreply@blogger.com0