History Of Copper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

History Of Copper - Essay ExampleThe alloys were harder, making alloys to be extra multipurpose and by 2500 BC, bronze was used by a large group of people, this brought up what historians called bronze era (Leskinen 2009).By 1500 A.D, bulls eye in art started in western countries and it was inform of bronze sculptures. Some places in the East a place called Nara Buddha, a monumental sculpture in bronze dates back to 751 A.D.The coterminous discovery was about copper plating that started in the mid-1600s.tis technique was use used in ship building, to protect the ship from storms.In the modern introduction there has been improvement in the modern world due to technologies that have emerged. The improvement started to change and to grow to meet the need of the society. This includes flash smelting which began in 1949 and in 1990 copper oxide was first used as a superconductor. The Bronze Age abruptly ended at around 12000 BC, this was due the interference of the international back up routes and the breakdown of the ancient world. Areas where tin was supplied dried up. Is led to the introduction of iron not because it was better than copper but because of its availability (Leskinen 2009).Antecedently, Rome started to be served with copper by copper mines in Spain and Asia and as the empire became big a lot of copper increased in the system. And Spain could produce about 15000 tons of fine copper per anum.It is known that brass an alloy of copper was first dived at this time (Leskinen 2009). This gives a report on history of

Causes and Effects of Poverty in Society Research Paper

Causes and Effects of Poverty in Society - Research Paper ExampleCauses and effects of poverty are coordinated and problems associated with poverty never occur alone. The deficiency of income for sustainability may be inherited and the vicious cycle of poverty results to the passing of these problems from one generation to another (Blau 265). due to tensions in the cordial circles, nations stand threatened due to the resulting income inequalities which could result to a country being destabilized. Poor housing, unsafe work environments as well as diseases related to food and water results from the lack of enough money ((Blau 272). Socially, poverty results to high infant mortality and death rates, increase diseases related to hygiene and diet, increased crime rates as people devise survival ways to face poverty and finally increased homelessness. Politically, nations face increased risks of war, mass emigration, genocide as well as terrorism (Blau 276) Step 6 Summarizing Sources Deaton, A. Health, unlikeness and sparing development. Journal of Economic Literature 41 113. 58, 2003. Print Deaton (58) discusses the mechanisms which are associated with inequality and health as well as review evidence on the effects of the existing income inequality on peoples mortality. ... Parents experiencing hard economic times are very strict as well as become erratic followed by issuance of demands and resulting to insulting their children not to mention administering incarnate punishment (Duncan 98). Poor families are trapped the poverty cycles for as many as there exists many disadvantages which collectively work in a account process making it impossible for individuals to break the poverty cycle (Duncan 105. This is because the poor lack resources to get them out of the poverty, such as finances, quality education, or social connections. Individuals who are poverty-stricken experience disadvantages as a result of their poverty and in turn increases their poverty. Thi s would mean that the poor remain poor throughout their kick the bucket (Duncan 86). Step 8 Integrating Sources The cause of poverty is as a result of inequality in the income distribution and this leads to deficiency in meeting the canonical needs. Another cause of poverty is lack of quality education which is not able to secure well paying jobs for people or is unable to sustain income generating activities (Deaton 58). Therefore, the lack of any work to do for individuals until nowtually results to poverty. Corruption is another contributing factor to causing poverty as it robs the poor to pay the exuberant off their corrupt activities. Corruption may deprive individual equal opportunities to work competently as the corrupt always have their way even on securing of jobs. Unforeseen circumstances such as the natural calamities may also cause poverty due to the property damage experienced. Finally, a change form on the natural resources due to overpopulation also causes pover ty in

The Development of Architecture through the Different cultures Essay

The Development of Architecture through the Different cultures - Essay ExampleArchitecture is a visible indicator of the culture and beliefs of the people highlighting their qualities and abilities in life. architectural designs serve the society and be responsible for improving the quality of life of the people and are therefore a manifestation of the wishes of the society to be civilized. It helps in identifying the divers(prenominal) beliefs and forms of art of the people in a specific period since architecture communicates the different qualities and principles that the designers had in mind as they were making the buildings. Architectural designs last for many years and are therefore part of the past culture as identified by the constructs that can be viewed in the present. The designs are delivered mainly through buildings and the environment making it possible to create new innovations and ideas in the construction and building of a new environment. It is a continuous physi cal process and changes over time due to the different characteristics and features that are present in a specific culture. Architects play around with plaza and aim to convert the space into a specific form given the equipment and level of advancement that is available. The Greeks has great buildings that were later adopted by the High Renaissance in Italy. This was mainly because of the humane philosophy that had been adopted in the High Renaissance and was similar to the ancient civilization. It is therefore a roadmap to the different developments and milestones that have been witnessed in the world and in different cultures.

Memo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Memo - Essay ExampleWe have taken this step to increase employee distinction in a particular field and to increase productivity. Employees will even be able to connect with people from different backgrounds and cultures this will jockstrap in developing employees interpersonal skills.Communication Language we have decided to make English as our official language as English language is the terra firmas third most extensively vocal language. In order to compete globally we need to understand people all over the gentlemans gentleman and English is the most extensively spoken language. This measure will even help employees from different countries interact with each other and work in teams. fatigue took this step to eliminate language barriers and the company will be able to understand the needs of our consumers and work to benefit the consumers.Managers fall guy has hired from different nations as these managers will us develop software according to the needs of the customers. T hese managers will identify software needs of different customers located in different regions and help us in creating customer friendly software.I am grateful to new and old employees for the commitment and hard work they have shown over the years. We trust all our employees to support us in attaining our objective of competing globally. We want our employees to give inputs regarding the training required to implement the change and the difficulties they are facing due to these changes. blackjack wants all the employees to meet us in a conference scheduled for 4 April 2010 at 1400 hours in the conference room number 3. SAP and employees will discuss and analyze the views of our employees in this

Coffee Industry and Todays Economics Demands Term Paper

Coffee Industry and Todays Economics Demands - Term Paper ExampleThis essay stresses that economists posit that increased supply control, determine regulation and fair trade initiatives could help solve the current java crisis. Fair trade guarantees farmers a fixed minimum damage for their coffee, which can passable nearly two or three times the unsubsidized market price. Fair trade to a fault eliminates the middlemen exporters involved in the coffee trade, who often pay farmers infra market rates and then sell at the rates set by the New York Coffee Exchange, pocketing the excess money for themselves.This paper declares that the decline of the coffee prices is the worst news for the farmers but it is not as bad news in United States of America as in any other break out of the world because they are the largest consumers of coffee. The world trade shaping also plays a key role in determining the price of coffee. The policies of the world trade organization supports free trade which benefits both exporters and importers but at the end who is benefited largely depends on the price of the coffee. Because of the fall in demand the price of coffee has also fallen, which is quite natural considering the demand and supply function of the microeconomics. If there is less demand, the price of that particular commodity takes a toll and the price automatically falls. The price of coffee has taken a toll because of the decrease in demand, the only way out for the farmers and for all other people who want coffee to amaze much more profit is to promote coffee and make sure that more and more people across the globe drink coffee.

Evaluating Compliance Strategies Essay Example for Free

Evaluating Compliance Strategies EssayThe compliance process is very important in medical mission and coding. later a patient is seen, physicians document the patients visit. medical administrators then post the medical economys of the visit in the invest management program (PMP) and position the withdraw. It is important to prep ar claims correctly in order to stay in compliance. A correct claim connects a bill service to a diagnosis. The diagnosis has to relate to the billed service to treat the patients ailment. The connection is referred to as code linkage. It is important to correctly link procedures and diagnosis because if they arent correctly link the inventer will reject the claim and will not pay for the run which then makes the patient responsible for payment. To be in compliance, medical insurance specialists need to know each payers billing rules stated in each insurance policy. These are subject to change and updated frequently so medical insurance special ists also use payer bulletins, websites, and arrest communication with payer representatives to make sure they are staying in compliance.Medicare also has its own set of rules and regulations. The Medicare National correct coding initiative (CCI) controls improper coding. CCI edits are utilize by computers to check claims for errors that would lead to improper payment of services. The CCI prevents two procedures from being billed that could not have been performed together. Private payers also have code edits similar to the CCI.Compliance errors sometimes occur. Submitting an improper claim may just be a simple mis hold up such as a typo, or sometimes it may be a deliberate act of fraud. Other common errors that are sometimes made are truncated coding, incorrect gender or age of the patient, assumption coding, altering documentation, coding without proper documentation, reporting services provided by unlicensed providers, and coding a unilateral service doubly instead of choosin g the bilateral code. For these reasons there are several billing and coding compliance strategies that have been put in place.One compliance strategy used by healthcare professionals is to carefully define bundled code and know global periods. A medical insurance specialist needs to be clear on what individual procedures are contained in bundled codes and what the global periods are for surgical procedures. Another strategy is to benchmark the practices E/M codes with national average. By comparing the practice reports with national averages, upcoding is able to be monitored. Another strategy is to use modifiers appropriately, and be clear on professional courtesy and discounts to uninsured and low income patients.The strategy that I find the most useful and am in support of is to maintain compliant job reference help and documentation templates. Job reference aids are a form of a cheat sheet that lists procedures and CPT codes that are most often used by each individual practice. I mobilise that the only way this strategy can be improved is to make sure that the job reference aids are updated frequently when new services are added to the practice, and when codes change or new ones are added. This can be accomplished by keeping track of when codes are updated or changed.There are many implications of incorrect medical coding. An improper claim will get rejected or denied by the payer. When this happens the physician will need to either charge an appeal, or correct the issue. If the error can be corrected the claim can be resubmitted, however this is still unfortunate because the process will take longer than if it had been done right in the first place. When coding errors are made due to fraudulent attempts, the person who prepared the claim will nod off their job and face legal action. Also, sometimes the physician in charge of the practice will be liable and possibly sued, because he/she is responsible for their employees and their actions.Medical codin g, physician, and payer fees are all related to the compliance process. Any services performed by a physician will need to be correctly coded so that they can be paid for. Medical coding must be done properly in order to stay in compliance. Physicians must be honest and provide proper documentation of any and all services performed in order for an insurance company to accept a claim and pay for the services that were performed. As long as everyone works as a team, and works in honesty, it is easy to stay in compliance. And by using the strategies I have outlined, compliance is not difficult to follow.

Raising Achievement of Ethnic Minority Children Essay Example for Free

ski tow Achievement of Ethnic minority Children EssayThis literature review would explore the barriers in rhytidoplasty rearingal movements of ethnic nonage educatees. As this is a broad bea of concern the literature would examine two main barriers much(prenominal) as social place setting issues and incline as Additional Language (EAL) while briefly looking at different barriers such as Statistical data collected from the Pupil Level one-year School Census (PLASC) 2002 would be analysed in respect to this group social economic status and its effect on their instruction.The literature would outline the signifi female genitaliace of raising execution, particularly ICT teachers responsibility. This report would identify some strategies/solutions including pedagogical snugglees to raising achievement which would be supported by research. The over altogether findings would illustrate why ethnic nonage children underperform academically than their counterparts in school .INTRODUCTIONIt is important to recognise that ethnic nonage pupils may fall into the category of low course of instruction low achievement. (Battle and Lewis 2010 pg35) verbalise a persons education is closed linked to their life chances, income and wellbeing its therefore, intermediate to say that ethnic minority communities be most possible to underachievement than other(a)s because of their socio-economic conditions. Language in education has long been the subject of attention by educationists at all levels.Initially as concerning the problem of teaching English to children for whom it is non a first terminology, The Swann Report 1985 pg385 Other drawbacks to raising achievement are institutional racism, lack of motivation, lack of suit suitable challenge, the nicety of activities and tasks, a mix-match of forecasts, a perceived irrelevance of the activities and tasks. National Education Authority claim to be raising achievement to higher(prenominal) levels and closi ng student achievement gaps are priorities in schools and communities at all economic levels and in urban, rural, and suburban settings.(http//www.nea. org/home/17413. htm. Accessed 02/11/12) What is Raising Achievement? According to (DfES 0013-2006. Pg. 6) (Excel and enjoy) raising achievement marrow a made-to-order education for every child and unripe person, that gives them strength in the basics, stretches their aspirations, and builds their life chances. It go out create opportunity for every child, regardless of their background. Teachers take a committed liability to enable all learners to attain and achieve their full potential, whether they are SEN (Special Education Needs), EAL (English as an Additional Language) or ethnic minority student.What is Ethnic Minority? The ethnic minorities in the UK, 50% are Asian or Asian British (Indian, Pakistani etc. ), 25% are Black or Black British (Black African, Black Caribbean etc. ), 15% are Mixed Race, 5% are Chinese and 5% are of other ethnic backgrounds. (http//www. history encyclopaedismsite. co. uk/ethnic_minorities_education. htm. Accessed 02/11/12) Cabinet Office defined it as Ethnicity refers to cultural heritage (thus the term ethnic minorities can also be used to take on White ethnic minority groups in Britain, such as the Irish or people from other European countries).However, the systematic historical and continuing dominion of disadvantage for Black and Asian groups singles them out for special consideration. (webarchive. gov. uk. Accessed 02/11/12). Barriers to Raising achievement Socio-Economic Backgrounds Socio class can cause inequality in class which could in turn find out the achievement in children (C. Stephen pg. 269) Social scientists have recognised the importance of an individuals family socio economic status (SES) has an influence on the academic achievement of children since the mid-1960s.It could cause low their self-confidence and self-esteem ethnic minorities may have special issues related to self-esteem. Because of prejudice, minority members are likely to see a negative image of themselves ( DeLamater. J Myers. D pg. 88). (http//www. historylearningsite. co. uk/ethnic_minorities_education. htm) Ethnic backgrounds that are less successful in education is because they have a higher percentage of pupils from run foring class backgrounds. Also the lower a childs class position, the lower their income.Bangladeshi, Pakistani and Black pupils are more than likely to be raised(a) in low income families. This can affect how well they do in school because lack of funds means lack of school equipment, less prosperous working conditions e. g. cold house, no desk etc. This inequity could lead to scummy or erratic attendance which was cited as a contributory factor to unworthy attainment in several schools. Table1 the Pupil Level Annual School Census (PLASC) 2002 illustrates the impact of socio-economic disadvantage by comparing relative GCSE performance fo r pupils who are eligible for free school meals.This shows that pupils from lower socio-economic groups tend to achieve less good results than those from higher socio-economic groups and that this difference is particularly large for snowy pupils. (Aiming High Raising the Achievement of Minority Ethnic Pupils) Table2 The pupil level annual school census (PLASC) 2002 characteristics Proportion achieving 5+ A*-C GCSEs for those entered for GCSEs in Maintained Schools in 2002 raze these charts are based on data collected as part of the 2002 Pupil Level Annual Schools Census.From 2003, data will be based on an updated set of categories including mixed heritage, Gypsy/Roma and Travellers of Irish heritage which are listed at annex A. (Aiming High Raising the Achievement of Minority Ethnic Pupils) dissimilitude on grounds such as function will affect effective learning fundamentally in most cases, which is linked to disparities in school. near schools are institutionally racist, says Oftseds Director of Inspections, Jim Rose to the annoyance of teachers unions.Mr Rose said Much of that racism, we think, is to do with unwitting stereotyping of boylikesters and the lack of expectation or lowered expectation of teachers as a result of that sometimes (http// red-hots. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/education/294078. stm). With the fact that their ethnicity influences their class and their class influences their attitude, there is concern about(predicate) the aspirations of unfortunate children socio-economic barriers may hinder aspiration formation for these children because of lack of mentors, opportunities, and resources and also doubt their ability to attain in learning (http//www.learningbenefits. net/Publications/ResReps/ResRep27. pdf pg3).The majority of schools are engage in a wide variety of initiatives to improve provision and raise the attainment of all pupils. However, few schools monitor these activities systematically and rarely do they have a specific ethnic f ocus. (Raising_the_attainment_of_minority_ethnic_pupils_school_and_LEA_responsespg7).Strategies to raising achievement of Socio-economic barrier Having hardheaded expectations of the educational achievement of children of lower socioeconomic groups will even out them feel they can achieve their potential.Expectations are also shaped by teacher and student perceptions of the reasons for successes and failures. A low ability student, who views failures as lack of ability and successes as luck, will lose his motivation, feeling that there is little he can counterchange to improve his learning. (Rose Miller 2001) As evidenced earlier pupils from ethnic minority group have low self esteem therefore, it is crucial for teachers to gain the child or young person to find their own preferred name and rhythm of learning so they are caused to pursue their learning process, making them have ownership of their own learning and work.To religious service raise achievement teachers and leader s should monitor and track achievement, further and support the child to maximise their potential be aspirational for them. Parents with fewer financial resources tend to hold lower aspirations for their children, and young people from socially disadvantaged backgrounds tend to have lower aspirations than their more advantaged peers (Schoon, 2006).Promoting a culturally friendly environments and establishing classroom ethos of respect with a clear approach to racism and bad behaviour modelling and promoting values, attitudes and behaviour supportive of race equality in class would explore and target underachievement to raise attainment. (excellentandenjoymentlearning pg23). strategically choosing students to work in groups, peer assessment where they can see others work which could help them shape their own work and attain a better grade.However, teachers take to provide students with a stress free learning environment so they can feel included . (EVIDENCE OF WHY THEY NEED STRES S FREE ENVIRON,ENT) The revise National Curriculum includes a statutory inclusion statement setting out how teachers can ensure the curriculum is accessible to all pupils which would certainly help raise attainment for also ethnic minority students . It states that teachers must comp either three principles for inclusion setting ethnic focus. (Raising_the_attainment_of_minority_ethnic_pupils_school_and_LEA_responsespg7).Strategies to raising achievement of Socio-economic barrier Having realistic expectations of the educational achievement of children of lower socioeconomic groups will make them feel they can achieve their potential. Expectations are also shaped by teacher and student perceptions of the reasons for successes and failures. A low ability student, who views failures as lack of ability and successes as luck, will lose his motivation, feeling that there is little he can change to improve his learning.(Rose Miller 2001) As evidenced earlier pupils from ethnic minority gro up have low self esteem therefore, it is crucial for teachers to encourage the child or young person to find their own preferred style and rhythm of learning so they are motivated to pursue their learning process, making them have ownership of their own learning and work. To help raise achievement teachers and leaders should monitor and track achievement, encourage and support the child to maximize their potential be aspirational for them.Parents with fewer financial resources tend to hold lower aspirations for their children, and young people from socially disadvantaged backgrounds tend to have lower aspirations than their more advantaged peers (Schoon, 2006). Promoting a culturally friendly environments and establishing classroom ethos of respect with a clear approach to racism and bad behaviour modelling and promoting values, attitudes and behaviour supportive of race equality in class would explore and target underachievement to raise attainment. (excellentandenjoymentlearning pg23).Strategically choosing students to work in groups, peer assessment where they can see others work which could help them shape their own work and attain a better grade. However, teachers need to provide students with a stress free learning environment so they can feel included . (EVIDENCE OF WHY THEY NEED STRESS FREE ENVIRON,ENT) The revised National Curriculum includes a statutory inclusion statement setting out how teachers can ensure the curriculum is accessible to all pupils which would certainly help raise attainment for also ethnic minority students .It states that teachers must follow three principles for inclusion setting suitable learning challenges responding to pupils diverse learning needs and overcoming potential barriers to learning and assessment for individuals and groups of pupils. (cabinet office pg14). NALDIC (National Association for Language instruction in the Curriculum), states that we should therefore ensure access to and progress through the curriculum or subject content. (using ict for eal pg5) Also very few schools review their curricular and untaught strategies to ensure that they are sensitive to the ethnic groups in the student population and the wider community.In those instances where schools have done this as a result of concerns about a particular minority ethnic group, positive outcomes have resulted. (Raising_the_attainment_of_minority_ethnic_pupils_school_and_LEA_responsespg7) Schools working effectively with pupils in low attaining groups were not found to adopt specific approaches for particular groups of pupils such as minority ethnic groups, but instead personalised the curriculum, training and assessment such that pupils in any group could benefit.(Effective Teaching and Learning for Pupils in Low Attaining Group). Self- assessment and appropriate target setting according to individual learning styles would help them to build identities as successful learners. The new Teachers Standards (DfE, 2011) would enable this outline to work perfectly as teachers have to Adapt teaching to respond to the strengths and needs of all pupilsevaluate distinctive teaching approaches to engage and support them.(Standard 5 The QTS Standards DFES Qualifying to Teach(2002) In additional, as they are much more likely than their peers of a higher socioeconomic environment to have a poor attendance, leave school earlier and with fewer qualifications, and are at far greater risk of being excluded from school. http//education-landscapes. eu/pdf/learning_barriers. pdf . Teachers recognise strengths and improvements praising their effort would encourage children participation.Using positive words (Ive seen a spark in you) and encourage this group would make them feel motivated, believe in themselves and appreciated to motivation to attend school (promoting attendance) regardless of any socio-economic worries. Attending parents evenings and other less formal school functions can help understand difficulties and he lp to remove any barriers http//education-landscapes. eu/pdf/learning_barriers. pdf. This could help build parent teacher relationship and both parties could devise ways to help raise the achievement and eliminate barriers affecting this young persons learning.? Respect frustration and encourage a positive approach to setbacks. http//education-landscapes. eu/pdf/learning_barriers. pdf. English as an Additional Language (EAL) barrier on Ethnic Minority EAL learners will be affected by attitudes towards them, their culture, language, religion, and ethnicity http//www. mkweb. co. uk/emass/documents/Website_EAL_Artwork. pdf. The proportions of pupils with English as an additional language are from ethic minority background groups about five per cent (Black Caribbean pupils) to over 90 per cent (those from Bangladeshi backgrounds). Approximately 9.3% (over 632,000) of all pupils in schools in England are recorded as having English as an additional language (EAL) according to Statistics o f Education 2002(aiminghighraisingachievent pg28). These speech patterns are argued to be consistent with many low income families which are inadequate to meet the demands of the education system. These patterns directly contribute to educational failure as students cannot always understand elaborated speech which teachers use and teachers often misunderstand students who use the restricted speech. As a result there is a breakdown in communication between teachers and pupils.http//www. historylearningsite. co. uk/ethnic_minorities_education. htm. This is a major barrier to achievement as English is not their first language and cannot communicate effectively in lesson, with peers and content of the curriculum it is helpful for the to access prior knowledge so they have a fair understanding before the next lesson Language learners need access to the subject curriculum while they are learning English. EAL students learning is NOT a learning difficulty, learners should not be placed in groups or sets for slow learnersthey need good peer models of subject specific talk and writing.Teacher expectations are powerful determiners of student success. Teachers should reflect high expectations in the ambitious targets set for these children. Bilingual learners need to make more progress each year than their peers in order to catch up (Collier, 1995) their efforts need to be acknowledged and appreciated, to build their self-image and self-esteem as successful learners. (Making the Difference Teaching and learning strategies in multiethnic schools) Solution/Approaches(Bourne, 1998 and others) Reforming the mainstream to be more language aware is not only good for bilingual learners, but benefits ALL students (Making the Difference Teaching and learning strategies in multi-ethnic schools). Education authorities have recognised the fact that student with EAL will struggle to reach their potential and has incorporate into the new Teachers Standards, saying that all teachers a nd trainee teachers will benefit from an understanding and recognition of EAL as a significant field of teaching and learning. (http//www. naldic. org. uk/eal-teaching-and-learning/outline-guidance/pedagogy.)It is important to recognise that children learning EAL are as able as any other children, and the learning experiences planned for them should be no less cognitively challenging High challenge can be keep through the provision of contextual and linguistic support and raise attainment. (ExcellenceandEnjoymentlearningandteachingintheprimaryyears,CreatingalearningcultureClassroomcommunity,collaborativeandpersonalisedlearning(DfES 0522-2004 G) However, Schools and colleges will need therefore to provide both physical and virtual learning environments that motivate and support the EAL learners distinctive needs.Raising achievement of ethnic minorities students with low attainment and EAL by developing appropriate resources across the curriculum make effective use of displays boards to support their learning and develop their knowledge of the linguistic, cultural backgrounds. (excellentandenjoymentlearning pg32) It is a legal requirement for literacy to be included into lesson literacy is fundamental to good learning and achievement.It must therefore be a top priority for teachers consider how subject specific vocabulary like writing out keywords on white board, spelling and pronouncing words correctly which would help improve their English language grammar should be introduced, modelled, extended and supported through the teaching of subject content to heighten literacy (ExcellenceandEnjoymentlearningandteachingforbilingualchildrenintheprimaryyears). Organise small groups for computer-based activities that enable early stage learners to work with other first language speakers and to hear good models of English.Establishing layered curriculum targets as a context for language development. Speaking and listening guided sessions for language development. (Effe ctive Teaching and Learning for Pupils in Low Attaining Group). Using ICT to raise achievement of Ethnic Minority pupils with EAL. ICT has a vital role to play in providing the appropriate resources and technology for both learners and teachers. Using ICT to support EAL students presents challenges for many teachers of how best to make use of these new and emerging technologies to raise the achievement of their EAL students.(Using ICT to support students who have English as an additional language) Using Creative use of ICT in the classroom can invoke inclusion and reflect cultural and linguistic diversity. Multimedia Projects provide excellent opportunities for learners to work collaboratively with other first language speakers. Email, local network links, user groups and television system conferencing facilities provide opportunity for learners to communicate with proficient speakers of English and also of their first language across the world.Pupils learning EAL require opportun ities to draw on additional contextual support to make sense of new information and language. Content learning for pupils learning EAL can be greatly improved through the use of visual support. This can help learners to conceptualise learning tasks that are being presented to them, or in which they are engaged, even when their knowledge of the target language is limited. http//www. naldic. org. uk/eal-teaching-and-learning/outline-guidance/pedagogy OCD/ sick headache/ Metal plate in head due to past injury.If *** bumps her head call carer immediately/ unhappy to come SRS/difficult to make friends/suffered bullying/ unbroken away from other students at break times in primary school/attention seeker/ mother died due to violently attacked by have (sees father in prison) / CAMHS/ care placement/ Literacy/maths/low self esteem/limited support from home/ IEP/PEP Pedagogy approach to EAL EAL pedagogy is the set of systematic teaching approaches which have evolved from classroom based pra ctices in conjunction with the development of knowledge through theoretical and research perspectives.These approaches meet the language and learning needs of pupils for whom English is an additional language. They can be used in a wide range of different teaching contexts. http//www. naldic. org. uk/eal-teaching-and-learning/outline-guidance/pedagogy panorama out limited number of objectives criteria describe what the outcomes will look like when they are achieved and actions linked to the target objectives to identify what has to be achieved by the end of lesson is said to raise success of learners whose second language is English (excellentandenjoymentlearning pg23).Personalisation is the key to tackling the persistent achievement gaps between different social and ethnic groups. It means a tailored education for every child and young person, that gives them strength in the basics, stretches their aspirations and builds their life chances. Higher standards, better schools for all (HMSO 2006)(from-excellentandenjoymentlearning pg14) The development of EAL pedagogy has been influenced by social constructivist theories which try the importance of scaffolding learning, and those which highlight the importance of socio-cultural and emotional factors.Children learning EAL will be affected by attitudes towards them, their culture, language, religion and ethnicity. (excellentandenjoymentlearning pg14) Learning of English should be deluxe into communicative skills and cognitive and academic language proficiency. Children should be paired up in group so they can become conversationally fluent in the new language by communication and collaborating with others and to catch up with monolingual peers in the development of cognitive and academic language.Activating pupils prior knowledge purpose out what pupils know about a topic through questioning, supporting self-monitoring and using KWL (Know, Want to find out, Learned) charts, brainstorming in small groups or pair s, baring tasks, enabling use of first language. http//www. naldic. org. uk/eal-teaching-and-learning/outline-guidance/pedagogy.Peer and share, questioning strategies using oral feedback is also important to move learners towards the forms of language used in writing (cognitive) and linguistic development. Children learning an additional language are not just learning vocabularies, grammars and pronunciations it helps them to learn all other language functions such as questioning, analysing, hypothesising that they need for other subjects like mathematics, science, ICT and so on. Planning lesson for a class that has EAL student.